what does dissertation in french mean

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Writing a Thesis

Theses and dissertations.

• Guides de recherche supplémentaires

If you are writing a graduate thesis ( mémoire  or thèse) don't forget to consult the Faculty of Graduate Studies' guide on   Dissertation and Thesis Preparation 

For further information about theses and dissertations, take a look at the Theses and Dissertations Guide. 

• ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global This link opens in a new window Includes millions of searchable citations to dissertations and theses from 1861 to the present day together with over a million full-text dissertations that are available for download in PDF format.
• Center for Research Libraries (CRL) Foreign Dissertation Database Search 800,000 doctoral dissertations (including those of Albert Einstein, Dag Hammarskjold, and other Nobel laureates) from universities outside the U.S. and Canada. CRL acquired the majority of the collection through deposit from member libraries. CRL continues to acquire about 5,000 titles per year from major universities through demand purchase and deposit.
• Dart e-Portal DART-Europe is a partnership of research libraries and library consortia who are working together to improve global access to European research theses. DART-Europe is endorsed by LIBER (Ligue des Bibliothèques Européennes de Recherche), and it is the European Working Group of the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
• Catalogue SUDOC (Système Universitaire de Documentation) The French collective catalogue created by libraries and resource centres in higher education and research. To find dissertations and theses, click Advanced .... Material selection... Dissertations [or in French: Recherche avancée ... Type de publication ... Thèses].
• L'Atelier national de reproduction des thèses (ANRT) The ANRT is a French public organization which has been reproducing and distributing doctoral theses since 1971.
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• Next: Guides de recherche supplémentaires >>
• Last Updated: Sep 18, 2024 1:38 PM
• URL: https://guides.library.ubc.ca/french

dissertation translation | English-French dictionary

dissertation

dissection , distraction , dissension , dissenting

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• Dissertations and theses

French Language and Literature: Dissertations and theses

• Web resources

French dissertations and theses

There are a number of different resources available for finding French dissertations. 

• Atelier national de Reproduction des thèses Also known as tne National Center for the Reproduction of PhD theses
• SUDOC Le catalogue du Système Universitaire de Documentation
• Thèses en ligne (TEL): serveur de thèses multidisciplinaire Although multidisciplinary the majority of theses are in scientific disciplines.
• thèses.fr This research tool is maintained by ABES (Agence bibliographique de l'enseignement supérieur) and records titles of theses in preparation in French universities and higher education institutions

Belgian dissertations and theses

• Répertoire commun des thèses électroniques des universités de la Communauté Française de Belgique Portal to access French-language theses through relevant University repositories

General resources for dissertations and theses

• ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global The world's most comprehensive collection of full-text dissertations and theses. As the official digital dissertations archive for the Library of Congress and as the database of record for graduate research, PQDTGlobal includes millions of searchable citations to dissertations and theses from 1861 to the present day together with over a million full-text dissertations that are available for download in PDF format. Over 2.1 million titles are available for purchase as printed copies. The database offers full text for most of the dissertations added since 1997 and strong retrospective full-text coverage for older graduate works. It also includes content from PQDT UK & Ireland (aka Index to Theses).
• Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD) an international organization dedicated to promoting the adoption, creation, use, dissemination and preservation of electronic analogues to the traditional paper-based theses and dissertations.
• DART-Europe E-theses Portal DART-Europe is a partnership of research libraries and library consortia who are working together to improve global access to European research theses.
• Top 100 Dissertation and theses references on the web
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• Next: Web resources >>
• Last Updated: Sep 19, 2024 10:19 PM
• URL: https://libguides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/frenchresources

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Welcome to the world of a French-loving, American couple

How to Write a Stellar Mémoire (French Master’s Thesis)

Pursuing graduate studies in France entails mastering all sorts of assignments, but perhaps none as daunting as the notorious mémoire , or master’s thesis. Writing and defending a master’s thesis is the cornerstone of many, though not all, French graduate degrees, making it a rite of passage for degree-seeking students in France. As part of my French master’s degree in Droit Public parcours Intégration Européenne et Gouvernance Globale , I was required to take on the infamous mémoire alongside my regular coursework during the final year of my studies.

Since I’m an international student at the Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne , I had to contend not only with the base-level difficulties of putting together a master’s thesis, but also with the reality of writing fully in my second language and following the unforgiving methodology and writing norms of French law school to a tee. Needless to say, my year-long research project entailed late nights spent reading, countless trips to the library, typing until my fingers were sore, and shedding a few more tears than I’d like to admit!

My master’s thesis experience wasn’t all bad, of course. I genuinely enjoyed learning everything I could about my topic, discussing my progress with my classmates, refining my French-language skills , and presenting a piece of work that reflected my academic rigor. To my delight, at the end of my defense, the jury awarded me an 18/20 for my mémoire , entitled Associer les inégalités sociales et le changement climatique : Une étude comparative des contextes et approches aux États-Unis et dans l’Union européenne . The jury highlighted the following assets of my work:

• Qualité de recherche (Research quality)
• Qualité rédactionnelle (Writing quality)
• Qualité de français (French-language quality)
• Problématique innovante (Innovative research question)
• Posture épistémologique intéressant (Interesting epistemological posture)
• Bon cadrage théorique (Good theoretical framework)
• Limitations justifiées (Justified limitations)
• Structure impeccable (Impeccable structure)

Managing to receive the highest honors on my mémoire as an American studying law in France was no easy feat. Throughout the lengthy process of crafting my master’s thesis and defense, I discovered what worked well for me and what held me back – that’s why, in this post, I’m sharing my expert tips to help you write an outstanding French master’s thesis.

Honor Your Interests

Completing a mémoire takes months of daily research, reading, and writing, so you can imagine how painful the whole operation can become if your topic doesn’t inspire you! For a certain amount of time, your master’s thesis content will likely be all you can think about as you attempt to find and consume every piece of relevant literature ever written about it. To avoid misery and increase your motivation, you need to reflect upon the subjects within your degree field that excite you, the themes you’d be delighted to learn more about, and the concepts you truly want to call yourself an expert in come the day of your defense.

• My research topic combined my enthusiasm for the themes of public policy and governance, social justice issues, environmental protection, the United States, and the European Union.

Favor Innovation

The goal of producing a master’s thesis is not to reiterate the conclusions that other researchers have already drawn, but to pull from existing knowledge in order to demonstrate something new. To elevate your mémoire and impress your jury, innovation is indispensable. Creating a research question that hasn’t already been exhaustively answered will also prevent you from simply regurgitating what you read and will allow you to write a master’s thesis that relies on the important work of those before you, but is, ultimately, entirely your own.

• In my case, the concept of linking social inequality and climate change is relatively new on the whole. Moreover, my comparison of the United States’ and the European Union’s approaches for dealing with this phenomenon is something that hadn’t been done before.

Survey Your Sources

Because a finished mémoire is the culmination of in-depth research and analysis, you’ll need to choose a topic that you can thoroughly explore. For example, if your desired subject is too cutting-edge, you may struggle to find sufficient existing material upon which to build your master’s thesis. If essential documents that you need to read are confidential, located far away, or otherwise inaccessible, you won’t be able to use them for your work. It is therefore essential to consider whether adequate sources are available before you set your heart on a specific theme.

• When finalizing my topic, I ensured that the sources I would need to study were either located online, at my university , or in libraries near me.

Create a Timeline

You know that you should start working on your master’s thesis at the beginning of the school year , and that you need to have it finished by the end, but what happens between those two events is much less clear! With the help of a trusted professor or independently, you should make a realistic schedule with self-imposed deadlines to help you conceptualize the amount of work that needs to be done by each date. Your timeline should include targets for things like finalizing your research question, gathering sources for your bibliography, writing the various sections of the manuscript, submitting your mémoire for review, and preparing for your defense.

• Using a holistic timeline helped me to know when I was on track, when I could take breaks, and when I needed to speed things along. It also enabled me to beat procrastination, as delaying tasks for too long would have thrown me completely off schedule.

Chat About Your Research

While a master’s thesis is definitely an individual project, you shouldn’t keep your thoughts and questions to yourself! Your professors, classmates, friends, and family are all valuable resources as you go through the mémoire process. Speaking with your professors (who have already successfully completed challenging research projects) and with your classmates (who are currently working on their own mémoires ) about things like methodological difficulties and research hardships can lead to helpful problem solving and sincere moral support. Moreover, explaining your research to friends and family (who are likely unfamiliar with your subject) will help you gauge how well you understand it yourself and how clearly you’re able to express your ideas.

• I personally checked in regularly with my classmates who always offered useful words of advice and encouragement. I also talked with my significant other, Jalen , frequently to get his feedback on my work.

Choose the Right Advisor

Selecting a directeur·rice de mémoire , or master’s thesis advisor, isn’t a decision to make lightly. To find the perfect fit, you need to be familiar with your potential advisors and know your own preferences very well. For example, asking a professor whose specialty has nothing to do with your research question is likely to be as uninteresting for them as it is unhelpful to you. Furthermore, if you’re a student who likes frequent and detailed feedback, choosing a professor with a tightly-packed schedule might not be the best idea. Take the time to weigh your options carefully before asking a professor to become your advisor.

• I made sure to pick an advisor who was familiar with the broad strokes of my topic and had a hands-off attitude so that I could work autonomously and at my own pace.

Write Meticulously

The quality of the content of your master’s thesis is crucial, but so is the quality of your writing. The most brilliant of ideas will still fall flat if your text is riddled with grammatical errors and spelling mistakes. Attempting to avoid all language blunders is especially vital when you’re writing in your second language – and even more so in a country like France where such mistakes are not looked upon kindly. If your manuscript is hard to understand, readers won’t be able to appreciate your analysis. Additionally, it’s tough for readers to take a piece of work seriously if they’re constantly distracted by careless errors. Try to compose every sentence with care in order to avoid these pitfalls.

• When writing my mémoire , I never hesitated to look up a word, phrase, or grammar rule when I was even the tiniest bit uncertain. I also double-checked for errors that I commonly make, like accidentally including a serial comma when I’m writing in French.

Perfect Your Formatting

You shouldn’t organize your master’s thesis like you would a novel, an essay, or a report. Depending on your field of study and your degree program’s requirements, you’ll likely have specific norms to apply and rules to follow for structuring your mémoire . Your acknowledgements, dedication, abstract, abbreviations, table of contents, references, and appendices can’t be placed just anywhere! You should also ensure that your work is pleasing to the eye, with an appropriate cover page, sensible headings, proper font sizes and line spacing, logical page breaks, and accurate citations. These details are what make the difference between a good master’s thesis and a great one.

• In French law school, for example, writing to a detailed, hierarchical outline, known as a plan , is often an absolute must. As such, the final version of my master’s thesis manuscript consists of an introduction, two chapters with three sections and eight sub-sections each, and a conclusion.

Prepare Your Defense

When you’re finally done writing your master’s thesis, it can be tempting to put it completely out of your mind. But once you conquer this first step, you still have one more challenge to tackle: your soutenance , or master’s thesis defense. To pass your defense, you need to do more than just prepare to present your research and findings to the jury. A quality presentation will also include explaining the reason you chose your topic, the sources you used, the problems you faced , the limitations of your work, any updates on your subject since you finished writing, and future research possibilities. Don’t forget to reread your mémoire with a critical eye to anticipate the jury’s critiques in advance. Going the extra mile to prepare your defense to the best of your ability is a recipe for triumph.

• I prepared for my defense one week in advance, and it consisted of a 20-minute presentation, a 25-minute question and answer session, and a 10-minute jury deliberation.

Take Your Work Seriously

It’s no secret that some degree programs are more rigorous than others, just as it’s true that some students take their studies more seriously than others. However, if you decide that writing a solid master’s thesis demonstrating your academic talents and integrity isn’t worth your time because you know that your program will accept work of lower calibre, you’ve effectively proven your degree to be a second-rate credential and yourself to be a substandard student. Would you rather throw together a mediocre mémoire that you’ll stuff away the moment it’s over, or compose a meaningful piece of work representing the best of your capacities that you’ll be excited to share with others for years to come? Taking your work seriously won’t steer you wrong, especially when it comes to an assignment as noteworthy as a master’s thesis.

• I know that my decision to do my absolute best played a large role in the jury’s attribution of my final grade, and I’m proud of myself for having done so.

Everyone’s master’s thesis journey is unique, but implementing these tips will put you on a path to success. Is writing a French mémoire in your future? Have you ever carried out a significant research project? Do you want to know more about my experience? Let me know in a comment!

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One comment.

Jator Berline

Thank you for sharing your experience and the meaningful tips. I hope to put them to use as I write my master’s thesis and prepare for defense.

Congratulations on your final grades 👏👏

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dissertation-dissertation: meaning, definitions and translations

English dictionary english french, what is dissertation dissertation is dissertation, what is dissertation .

Un long traité formel, en particulier celui écrit par un candidat au doctorat dans une université; une thèse.

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Meaning of "dissertation" in the French dictionary

Pronunciation of dissertation in french, grammatical category of dissertation, what does dissertation mean in french, dissertation, definition of dissertation in the french dictionary.

La définition de dissertation dans le dictionnaire est discours ou écrit où sont développés, de façon ordonnée, des arguments sur un sujet, un thème, ou une question scientifique.

FRENCH WORDS THAT RHYME WITH DISSERTATION

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TRANSLATION OF DISSERTATION

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What is a Dissertation? Everything You Need to Know 

Cait Williams is a Content Writer at Scholarships360. Cait recently graduated from Ohio University with a degree in Journalism and Strategic Communications. During her time at OU, was active in the outdoor recreation community.

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Your dissertation, the final piece of the puzzle that stands between you and the completion of your doctoral degree . Okay, so that’s not the actual definition of the word “dissertation,” but when you’re writing one, that can feel true at times! Keep reading to learn the academic definition and take a more in depth look at what a dissertation is and how to navigate writing one. So, let’s go!  

Related : Top fully funded PhD programs

Dissertation vs. thesis  

While dissertation and thesis are sometimes used interchangeably, they actually refer to two different pieces of writing. A thesis is traditionally completed at the end of a master’s program . It is based on pre-existing research and showcases your ability to understand the information you have been learning about in your program. 

A dissertation is much longer than a thesis and is completed at the end of a PhD or doctorate program . It is the last thing you need to complete in order to earn your doctorate in your chosen field. It will be about a topic of your choosing that is within your field of study. Instead of using all pre-existing information though, you will conduct a portion of your own research and propose new ideas.

See also : Top scholarships for graduate students   

What do you write about when completing a dissertation?

What you write about will depend on what field of study you are in. A dissertation is designed to be your own. Meaning that what you write about should be a new idea, a new topic, or question that is still unanswered in your field. Something that you will need to collect new data on, potentially interview people for and explore what information is already available.  

Generally, an idea will need to be approved or at least discussed with whoever is overseeing your dissertation before you begin writing. It’s important to put time and effort into choosing a topic that you will be able to find either existing research for and add to, or a topic that you will be able to establish your own methods of data collection for. Again, the goal of your dissertation is to add to your field.   

How long does a dissertation need to be?  

Your dissertation length will vary, but you can generally count on it to be around 2-3 times the length of your thesis. A standard thesis is roughly 80 to 100 pages. So, on the short end you’re looking at a 200 pages dissertation, while the longer end can reach as high as 400 pages.  

How long does it take to write?  

The page count for a dissertation is enough to scare even the best writers away, but take a breath and rest easy knowing that this is not something you complete in just one semester or even two. On the short end you will have a year to write your dissertation, while the longer end can offer as much as two years to complete your dissertation. During this time, you will work with an advisor who can watch over you and help you along the way.  

The parts of a dissertation   

A dissertation is not just one long paper you must write. Thankfully, it is broken down into manageable pieces that you complete over time.  

Choosing a topic  

The first thing you will do is come up with your topic. Again, your topic will need to be approved by whoever is overseeing your dissertation. If they think that it may not be a strong topic, they will let you know. Even if a topic is approved though, you’ll need to do research around that topic first to make sure that it has not already been covered, or if it has that you take into consideration what has been done and add to the topic in a new way.  

Research can mean looking at what already exists, as well as conducting your own research to add to a proposed idea of yours. Your research can take many different forms depending on what field you are in. Research can be costly at times, so be sure to check out what funding opportunities are available for doctoral research. There are even post PhD research grants you should be familiar with if you intend to continue researching.  

Chapter break down  

A dissertation generally consists of five chapters. We’ve written them out below with a brief description of each and what they include.   

Introduction – Just as you would expect, this is where you will introduce your topic and what you plan to discuss  

Literature review – This section will address the research you have found that has already been done, or found has not been done, that pertains to your topic  

Methodology – How you go about collecting information for your dissertation, whether it be conducting your own research or delving deep into what has already been done, will be discussed in the methodology section 

Results – Your results will analyze the information you gathered  in regard to your topic 

Discussion – Finally, your discussion section will assess the meaning of your results and it is also where you will add your own ideas, rooted in research, about what those results mean in a broader context in regard to your field 

There will be more parts of your dissertation that are not included in the chapters, but the bulk of your dissertation will be made up by these five chapters. Things like title pages, references, appendices, and table of contents will also be included.  

Defending your dissertation  

Believe it or not, it’s not enough just to write your dissertation–you also have to defend your dissertation. This is another reason why taking a thorough amount of time to choose your topic is so important. You’ll likely need to propose your initial dissertation idea, but that will be much simpler and shorter. Your final defense will be much lengthier and in depth.  

During your defense, you will present your dissertation to a committee. It’s likely that you’ll be at least somewhat familiar with those on the committee; they are not just randomly picked. They will ask you questions about your research, and you will need to respond to each question. A defense generally takes around two hours. The point of a defense is not to have people try to undermine your work, but for you to exemplify your expertise in your field.  

Failing your dissertation  

Nobody wants to think about failing, but unfortunately, you can fail your dissertation. However, let’s talk about a few things before we just leave it at that. First, if you are afraid of failing your dissertation, this is something that you should speak to your advisor about. They can help you determine if there should be legitimate concerns or if you are getting in your own head.  

Second, even if you do fail your dissertation, you are usually allowed to resubmit one time. This of course is not ideal, but it does give you a little room to breathe. Your goal is to do great from the start, but remember this is not an easy task. You’ll likely have plenty of bumps along the way! 

Again, if you have concerns about failing, address them sooner rather than later and seek help. There are bound to be plenty of people and services around you, as well as additional services that you can pay for which will help review your materials and guide you along.

Key Takeaways

• Dissertations are completed as the last step of your PhD or doctorate degree 
• Your dissertation will be related to a topic or question in your field of study that you choose 
• Dissertations take anywhere from one to two years to complete and can be upwards of three hundred pages long 
• Your dissertation is designed to showcase your expertise in your field and your addition of new ideas to the field about a particular question or area 

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Frequently asked questions about dissertations  

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Translation of dissertation – French-English dictionary

Dissertation.

(Translation of dissertation from the GLOBAL French-English Dictionary © 2018 K Dictionaries Ltd)

Translation of dissertation | PASSWORD French-English Dictionary

(Translation of dissertation from the PASSWORD French-English Dictionary © 2014 K Dictionaries Ltd)

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  Vocabulary      

What does dissertation mean?

Definitions for dissertation ˌdɪs ərˈteɪ ʃən dis·ser·ta·tion, this dictionary definitions page includes all the possible meanings, example usage and translations of the word dissertation ., princeton's wordnet rate this definition: 0.0 / 0 votes.

dissertation, thesis noun

a treatise advancing a new point of view resulting from research; usually a requirement for an advanced academic degree

Wiktionary Rate this definition: 0.0 / 0 votes

• dissertation noun

A formal exposition of a subject, especially a research paper that students write in order to complete the requirements for a doctoral degree; a thesis.

A lengthy lecture on a subject; a treatise; a discourse; a sermon.

Etymology: dissertationem, from dissertare.

Samuel Johnson's Dictionary Rate this definition: 0.0 / 0 votes

Dissertation noun

A discourse; a disquisition; a treatise.

Etymology: dissertatio, Latin.

Plutarch, in his dissertation upon the poets, quotes an instance of ’s judgment in closing a ludicrous scene with decency and instruction. Alexander Pope , Odyssey, Notes.

ChatGPT Rate this definition: 0.0 / 0 votes

Dissertation.

A dissertation is a comprehensive piece of research work, usually submitted as part of a doctoral degree. It involves original research on a particular topic, presenting one's findings, and debates in a structured and systematic way. The dissertation represents the researcher's thorough understanding of their subject area and contributes new insights or knowledge to their field of study. It is typically required for obtaining a higher level academic degree.

Webster Dictionary Rate this definition: 0.0 / 0 votes

a formal or elaborate argumentative discourse, oral or written; a disquisition; an essay; a discussion; as, Dissertations on the Prophecies

Etymology: [L. dissertatio: cf. F. dissertation.]

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Usage in printed sources From:  

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How to pronounce dissertation?

Alex US English David US English Mark US English Daniel British Libby British Mia British Karen Australian Hayley Australian Natasha Australian Veena Indian Priya Indian Neerja Indian Zira US English Oliver British Wendy British Fred US English Tessa South African

How to say dissertation in sign language?

Chaldean Numerology

The numerical value of dissertation in Chaldean Numerology is: 4

Pythagorean Numerology

The numerical value of dissertation in Pythagorean Numerology is: 9

Examples of dissertation in a Sentence

Alexis de Tocqueville :

An American cannot converse, but he can discuss, and his talk falls into a dissertation . He speaks to you as if he was addressing a meeting; and if he should chance to become warm in the discussion, he will say Gentlemen to the person with whom he is conversing.

Columbia University :

The investigation identified localized instances of plagiarism, but concluded that the preponderance of the evidence did not support a finding that Monica Crowley committed research misconduct, for the dissertation to stand, Columbia University required certain corrections, which Monica Crowley has provided.

Tom Steyer :

What were hearing here is a very long dissertation about exactly why America should be the worlds policemen, so, when were talking about Former Vice President Joe Biden role in the world and commander in chief, we have abandoned diplomacy, we dont have a strategy and we dont have allies.

He delivered his dissertation about the Founding Fathers with such exactitude.

Popularity rank by frequency of use

• ^  Princeton's WordNet http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=dissertation
• ^  Wiktionary https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dissertation
• ^  Samuel Johnson's Dictionary https://johnsonsdictionaryonline.com/views/search.php?term=dissertation
• ^  ChatGPT https://chat.openai.com
• ^  Webster Dictionary https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dissertation
• ^  Usage in printed sources https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=dissertation

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• dissentious adj
• dissepiment
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• dissertationist
• dissertations, academic as topic
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Learning French: what does bonne continuation mean and when should it be used?

This is a handy everyday phrase to know and can be used in many situations, including at mealtimes.

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Bonne continuation is a handy term to know and you are sure to hear it in France, often being used to say goodbye or good luck. 

The phrase may also be uttered by a waiter who has just brought you your dish to say, “keep enjoying your meal.”

What does bonne continuation mean?

Similarly to English, continuation could be defined as: continuing what has been started so it literally means ‘good continuation’. It is most commonly used to signal the end of an interaction and express best wishes for future activities, when you do not expect to see the other person in the foreseeable future. 

It can also be used as encouragement, as if to say, ‘keep it up!’

Bonne continuation can even pop up in a similar way to phrases such as, bonne vacances , meaning, ‘have a good holiday.’

Read also: Understanding 'Bonne Journée': usage and meaning in everyday French

When do you say bonne continuation?

The term can be used in written and spoken French, in both everyday and professional settings.

In a professional context you might use bonne continuation with a colleague who is retiring or to wish an intern good luck on their last day. 

You might also see bonne continuation when signing off an email.

Formal alternatives could include:

Tous mes vœux de réussite , meaning, Wishing you every success. 

Bon courage pour la suite , meaning, Best of luck for what is to come.

Je vous souhaite le meilleur , meaning, I wish you the best.

Bonne continuation could also appear in more informal settings, to say goodbye to a friend before the summer holidays or to a family member who is returning to continue their studies.

Informal alternatives could include:

Profite bien , meaning, Have a good time. 

À la prochaine , meaning, See you next time.

Bonne chance , meaning, Good luck.

Read also: Discover not so appetising origins of the French saying ‘bon appétit’

To whom do you say bonne continuation?

Bonne continuation is a term of politeness which is just as frequently used between colleagues and strangers to end an interaction. It is most often used when you do not expect to see the other person again, or at least for an extended period of time. 

Read also: Mastering French etiquette: essential tips for politeness and cultural integration

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What does the new government mean for foreigners in france.

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After two weeks of intense negotiation, on Thursday evening newly-appointed prime minister Michel Barnier announced that he had succeeded in forming a government .

 He also laid out his four main priorities;

• Improve the standard of living for the French and the workings of public services, especially schools and healthcare
• Guarantee security, control immigration and improve integration
• Encourage businesses and agriculture and build upon the economic attractiveness of France
• Get public finances under control and reduce debt

He is set to give his Discours de politique générale on October 1st - this is the traditional speech that a prime minister makes laying out the main policy aims of their government.

So what is this likely to mean for foreigners living in France?

Obviously some of these things will have the same effect on foreigners as any other residents of France, since we all use the same healthcare and education systems.

The first challenge for the new government will be a budget that, as Barnier says, "gets public finances under control". France is facing a ballooning deficit and the threat of a downgrade from ratings agencies if it cannot get spending under control.

Barnier said earlier in the week that he is "discovering that the country's budgetary situation is very serious" - most people interpreted this as preparing to announce tax hikes.

No details of these plans have been released, but it is thought likely that extra taxes will be on business and the super-rich rather than any increase in income tax or VAT.

Emmanuel Macron's centrist Renaissance group briefed the press that one of their conditions for joining the new government was a pledge that any tax increases would not target "the middle classes or working French people".

Immigration

But the strand of government that is most likely to affect foreigners in France, or those hoping to move here some day, is the pledge to "control immigration and promote integration".

Again there is no detail on this, but the French government's most recent bill to "promote integration" introduced language tests for certain types of residency card, while raising the language standard required for other processes.

We know that Barnier himself is strongly to the right on the topic of immigration - in his unsuccessful 2022 bid for the Les Républicains presidential nomination he called for a total moratorium on all immigration into France from non-EU countries.

Barnier said he would organise a referendum if elected, asking voters to approve constitutional changes and the ability of parliament to set immigrant quotas each year.

The exact composition of the new government has not been revealed - it is expected "before Sunday" - but we do know that Barnier has appointed several ministers from within the Les Républicains party.

These are reported to include Bruno Retailleau, who sparked outcry with his comments about immigrants in the context of the 2022 riots.

Speaking about the rioters who were arrested, 90 percent of whom were French citizens, he said: "OK, they're French, but these are French people in their official identity, and unfortunately for the second and third generations (of immigrants), there is a sort of regression towards their ethnic roots."

Clearly for some politicians, you can never be integrated enough.

Although it's far too early to think of any specific policies - and the government may not last long enough to actually see any laws passed - the debate around France's recent immigration bill does provide some clues about the goals of right-wing politicians.

The Immigration law that finally passed in January changed - among other things - conditions for certain types of residency card and introduced expanded language tests, a civics test and a declaration of allegiance to 'French values' for foreigners living here.

READ ALSO What changes under France's new immigration bill

However as the bill progressed through parliament, many right-wing lawmakers attempted to add amendments to toughen it up. In the end, most of the amendments were either voted down in parliament or struck out later by the Constitutional Council, but they do provide a guide to right-wing goals.

Among the rejected amendments were;

Migration quotas - the original bill contained nothing about migration quotas, but a section on this was added in the Senate (which is controlled by Les Républicains). The amendment was vague, setting out only the principle that parliament can set migration quotas - the wording of the text talked about 'economic migration', suggesting that these quotas would apply only to people coming to France to work, not students or retirees. The quotas would not affect asylum seekers or people arriving on a family reunification visa.

It called for parliament to have an annual debate on migration, with the 'objective' of setting quotas or numbers.

This was one of many amendments that was eventually struck out by the Constitutional Council - although on procedural grounds, not because of its content.

Healthcare restrictions - currently undocumented foreigners who are in France for more than three months are entitled to basic healthcare under the Aide medicale de l'Etat , with costs reimbursed by the State for hospital treatment and medication. The amendment proposed a complete ban on this for anyone who is undocumented or in an irregular immigration situation.

Benefit restrictions - currently foreigners in France can qualify for benefits such as housing allowance or certain family benefits after they have been resident for six months, the amendment aimed to increase the qualification period to five years.

Expelling radicalised foreigners - the law that was eventually passed makes it easier to expel radicalised foreigners by removing certain protections, including the restriction that people who came to France aged 13 or under cannot be expelled once they reach adulthood. The amendment aimed toughen this up still further by allowing the expulsion not just of people who are on terror watchlists, but of people who have "committed a grave and deliberate violation of the principles of the French Republic".

Toughen asylum rules - various amendments aimed to make it easier to expel failed asylum seekers by reducing the amount of time for appeals and allowing a notice to quit the country to be served as soon as a first application is rejected.

Limit family reunification rights - rules around foreigners in France being joined by spouses or family members would also be tightened up under the amendment, with a minimum stay of 24 months before you can be joined by a spouse or family member, and extra financial requirements.

French citizenship for children born in France - currently children who are born in France to foreign parents are automatically given the right to French citizenship once they reach 18 under the droit du sol principle (although in order to do anything practical like get a passport or ID card they still need to apply for a naturalisation certificate). Several amendments proposed that this no longer be an automatic right and children must "express their will" to get citizenship - presumably through an extra admin procedures.

All the immigration measures listed above would apply to non-EU nationals - anyone who needs a visa or carte de séjour to spend more than three months in France.

Join the conversation in our comments section below. Share your own views and experience and if you have a question or suggestion for our journalists then email us at [email protected] . Please keep comments civil, constructive and on topic – and make sure to read our terms of use before getting involved.

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More From Forbes

‘love next door’: 15 things you may have missed in episodes 1-4.

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Jung Hae-in and Jung So-min in Love Next Door

The popular K-drama Love Next Door , which premiered on August 17 th , has been captivating audiences worldwide for over a month now, ranking as one of Netflix’s top five non-English-language shows throughout its run so far.

In the 16-episode series co-produced by Studio Dragon and The Modori, Jung So-min stars as Bae Seok-ryu, a high-achieving product manager at a prestigious American corporation who suddenly decides to quit her job ( and break off her engagement to her fiancé) and returns to Korea. She runs into her childhood friend Choi Seung-hyo (played by K-drama heartthrob Jung Hae-in), a successful architect who seems to have it all. But he also has painful and embarrassing memories from his past that only Seok-ryu knows about. His reunion with Seok-ryu leads to a lot of hilarious mishaps and intense bickering between the two, but over time they realize they have feelings for each other.

In addition to including some Easter eggs, the show is chock-full of Korean cultural references, which means that many things can get lost in translation…or cannot be translated at all. Here’s a list of 15 things that viewers might have missed while watching the first four episodes of Love Next Door . While this list isn’t comprehensive, it will hopefully provide additional insights on the series and explain some of the moments that might have left many viewers scratching their heads.

Warning: Major spoilers ahead!

Love Next Door promotional poster

1. First of all, there’s the show’s Korean title <엄마친구아들> (pronounced as “ umma chingu ahdeul ,” or “ um-chin-ah ” for short), which translates to “Mom’s friend’s son.” This term started catching on in Korea in the mid-2000s and refers to a young man who has it all—he’s well-mannered, smart, handsome, gets good grades (if he’s still in school), has a high-paying job (if he’s already graduated—from a prestigious university, of course), etc.

In other words, basically every mom’s idea of the perfect son, who may or may not exist but nevertheless serves as a handy foil whenever a mother is upset with her own children’s shortcomings. The female equivalent of the word—엄마 친구 딸 ( umma chingu ddal ) or 엄친딸 ( um-chin-ddal ) for short—is also frequently used.

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Seok-ryu's mother Na Mi-sook (played by Park Ji-young) starts to talk about her "conception dream."

2. Near the beginning of the series, Seok-ryu’s mother and Seung-hyo’s mother try to one-up each other by comparing their kids. At one point, they bring up their “conception dreams” or taemong (태몽), which refer to dreams that are believed to foretell the conception or birth of a baby and some information about its gender and/or future. In some cases the pregnant woman’s mother or someone else in her family might experience such a dream instead of her.

Mi-sook's friend Bang In-sook (played by Han Ye-joo) recounts Mi-sook's dream.

Do Jae-sook (played by Kim Geum-soon) clearly remembers the conception dream that Seung-hyo's mother ... [+] had.

Both mothers have talked about their conception dreams so much that their friends are able to fill in the details—Seok-ryu’s mother dreamt about a pomegranate tree (the Korean word for pomegranate is seok-ryu (석류), like the female lead’s name), while Seung-hyo’s mother dreamt about a dragon. Fruits are often thought to signify a baby girl, while dragons are believed to predict that the child will grow up to be an extraordinary person.

Seok-ryu's mother Na Mi-sook (Park Ji-young) and Seung-hyo's mother Seo Hye-Sook (Jang Young-nam) in ... [+] 'Love Next Door'

3. According to the English subtitles, when Seok-ryu’s mother scolds Seung-hyo for not eating healthier, he tells her, “I’m sorry. I’ll give you an apple as an apology.” He actually just says “sorry” three times in Korean and then in English, and then he says “ sah-gwa ” (사과) while handing her an apple. Sah-gwa can mean both “apple” and “apology” in Korean—hence why you’ll occasionally see Koreans handing someone an apple as a humorous way to apologize (usually for something trivial).

Episode 2: Hate

Park Ji-young as Na Mi-Sook in Love Next Door

4. Seok-ryu’s mother tells Seung-hyo that she’s ordered some rice cakes for him to hand out to his neighbors and adds that doing so is “proper etiquette” (though the latter isn’t mentioned in the English subtitles). It’s a traditional Korean custom to share rice cakes with one’s neighbors when opening a new business or moving into a new house. Usually siru-ddeok (a type of rice cake typically made with red beans) is handed out, as in ancient times red beans were thought to chase away evil spirits. These days, sharing rice cakes is considered a simple and courteous way to meet and greet your new neighbors.

"I thought a geum-jeon-su would be too boring, so I prepared myself as a special gift."

5. When Seok-ryu gives Seung-hyo a pomegranate tree to congratulate him on the opening of his new office, she actually says that she prepared herself as a gift (a play on her name Seok-ryu, which means pomegranate) because she thought giving a geum-jeon-su (Korean “money tree”) seemed a bit too common and boring. Geum-jeon-su (which literally means “gold coin tree”) is a type of tree believed to bring wealth to its owner, so-called because the arrangement of its leaves looks like coins strung together.

"Are you filming 'Whispering Corridors' on the playground?"

6. In this scene, Seung-hyo finds Seok-ryu sitting by herself in a playground after she’s had a heated argument with her mom. While the English subs say, “You look like a ghost in a horror movie,” he actually asks her if she’s filming Whispering Corridors on the playground. Whispering Corridors (여고괴담 – literally “spooky story of an all-girls high school”) is Korea’s first horror film franchise and popularized the school horror genre in Korea. The film series, which involves ghosts haunting an all-girls high school, tackles thorny issues like teacher-student abuse, teen suicide and homophobia.

Episode 3: Stop Line

Attempting to pronounce "mugwort"

7. Ssuk (쑥, pronounced like “sook”), or Korean mugwort, is a type of plant used in Korea for food and medicinal purposes. Ssuk can be used to make soup, jeon (Korean-style pancakes) and a variety of other dishes but is most often made into rice cakes . It has numerous health benefits, including promoting reproductive and digestive health, lowering cholesterol and blood pressure, boosting the immune system, pain relief, detoxification and more and hence is a common ingredient in traditional Korean medicine.

Jung So-min and Jung Hae-in in Love Next Door

8. In this scene Seok-ryu and Seung-hyo are seen drinking from a 약수터 ( yahk-su-tuh ), or public facilities that provide natural mineral water for people to drink. The term 약수 means “medicinal water” and refers to the numerous health benefits of drinking water from mineral springs. While bowls with handles, or 바가지 (bagaji), are provided at these fountains for people to use, many bring their own water bottles to drink on the go (and for sanitary reasons).

Seok-ryu alludes to Korea's creation myth.

9. Here Seok-ryu is referring to Korea’s founding myth . According to Korean legend, a bear and a tiger both prayed to Hwanung, the son of the heavenly god Hwanin, to turn them into humans. Hwanung agreed to grant their request if they could stay out of the sunlight for 100 days while subsisting on a diet of garlic and mugwort. The bear and the tiger accepted the challenge and retreated to a cave, but the tiger gave up after a few days.

The bear, however, persevered and was rewarded by being transformed into a woman after only 21 days. The bear was given the name “Ungnyeo,” which literally means “Bear Woman.” Ungnyeo prayed for a child, so Hwanung temporarily turned himself into a man to marry her. She bore him a son named Dangun, who founded Gojoseon (“old Joseon”), the first kingdom on the Korean Peninsula, in 2333 BC.

• Note that Seok-ryu says “100 days,” but the subtitles show “100 years,” presumably to make the joke easier to grasp for viewers unfamiliar with the tale of Ungnyeo.

What's that smell?

• Within this context, Seok-ryu’s verbal jabs make a lot more sense, including her reference to mugwort and garlic while pretending that Seung-hyo’s room smells.

Episode 4: Past Perfect

Jo Han-chul as Seok-ryu's father Bae Geun-sik in Love Next Door

10. In Korea—like in many other countries—there’s a superstition that if your ear itches, someone is talking about you. Some take it further and say that an itchy right ear means someone is praising you, while an itchy left ear means someone is badmouthing you. So Koreans might sometimes say in a half-joking manner that someone must be talking about them behind their back if their ear itches—as Seok-ryu’s father does in this scene.

Yoon Ji-on as Kang Dan-ho in Love Next Door

11. When Dan-ho refuses to let Mo-eum have the last can of 솔의 눈 ( sor-eh noon ), a pine-flavored drink, Mo-eum tells him he’s being very firm, to which he responds, “Just like my name. Kang Dan-ho.” The Korean word dan-ho (단호) essentially means “firm, determined or resolute” (though in Korean a different ending is always added to dan-ho depending on how the word is used in a sentence).

Jung Hae-in as Choi Seung-hyo in Love Next Door

12. Towards the end of the episode, the series flashes back to Seung-hyo and Seok-ryu’s high school days. After winning his swimming competition, Seung-hyo finds Seok-ryu waiting for him outside and hangs his gold medal around her neck. When she asks him why he’s giving it to her, he responds, “You said today’s White Day.” In Korea and some other Asian countries, Valentine’s Day is celebrated by women and girls giving chocolate or other presents to men. On White Day , which takes place exactly one month later on March 14 th , men return the favor by presenting women with gifts. The custom originated in Japan in the 1970s.

Seung-hyo telling Seok-ryu that she can trade his gold medal for some "yeot" if she wants to

"Are you telling me to eat yeot?"

13. In the same scene, Seung-hyo tells Seok-ryu that she can trade the medal for “some taffy or whatever.” According to the English subtitles, Seok-ryu then asks him if he’s telling her to “get lost.” But she actually asks him if he’s telling her to “eat yeot .” Yeot (엿) is a Korean sweet that’s similar to taffy and is often given to students taking Korea’s national college entrance exam so that they’ll “stick” to the university they want to attend (hence probably why Seung-hyo mentions it to Seok-ryu who’s preparing for the exam). But the phrase “eat yeot ” (엿 먹어라) is a vulgar expression that’s roughly the equivalent of “screw you” (though technically Seok-ryu adds an extra vulgar word in there, so a closer equivalent to what she says would probably be “f**k you.”). So basically Seok-ryu is asking Seung-hyo if he’s using that expression against her.

DOS is a fictional K-pop boy band featured in 'Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha'

14. Another flashback shows Seung-hyo visiting Seok-ryu while she’s studying in the U.S. He’s brought her a poster of the fictional K-pop boy band DOS, which K-drama fans might remember from the popular show Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha , which Love Next Door ’s writer Shin Ha-eun also wrote. Actor Byun Seong-tae plays June, a member of DOS, in Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha .

Seok-ryu holding some books from the popular manhwa series 'Goong'

15. He also brings her copies of the famous manhwa (Korean comics) series Goong , which was adapted into the iconic K-drama Princess Hours .

New episodes of Love Next Door are released every Saturday and Sunday.

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