how to write cover letter in apa format

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How to write an impressive cover letter

Great cover letters are key to getting your job application to the top of the candidate pile. Here's how to make yours shine.

By Laura Zimmerman, PhD

Print version: page 32

Your curriculum vitae might showcase your incredible accomplishments, but it won't help you land your dream job if no one reads it. It takes an enticing cover letter to make you stand out as the best applicant.

"Cover letters tend to be the first thing people read. It may be the only thing they read carefully," says Elizabeth Morgan, PhD, assistant professor of psychology at Springfield College in Massachusetts. "Job ads don't always ask for a cover letter, but applicants should always send one, even if it is not required."

"The cover letter is a great opportunity to make a first impression," says R. Eric Landrum, PhD, professor of psychology at Boise State University. Landrum and Morgan co-authored the book, "You've Earned Your Doctorate in Psychology … Now What?" (2012) a guide for graduate students seeking jobs in academic and professional settings. They devote an entire chapter to creating the perfect cover letter.

While students are usually ready to leave graduate school with a professional and polished CV, they might be unclear about how to write a cover letter, says Landrum.

A few simple guidelines can help students get their applications to the top of the applicant pile instead of tossed in the trash:

Show you are a good fit.

"A good cover letter is one that clearly addresses the job ad and shows the applicant's qualifications," says Morgan. Another good quality of cover letters, she says, is conveying genuine interest and enthusiasm in the institution and the work.

"Don't just say ‘I'm interested in your position, attached is my CV,'" says Landrum. "That's a wasted opportunity." Instead, take the time to research the position and the university or organization and create a cover letter that makes it clear you are qualified for the requirements listed in the job ad.

"If a school is looking for a social psychologist experienced in cultural issues, but you are a cognitive psychologist who specializes in memory processes, you probably won't get far," says Morgan. "But, if you specialize in memory and also have experience with cultural research, put that in the cover letter."

Also, mention every job ad requirement that matches your experience, even if it is also mentioned in your CV, says Nabil El-Ghoroury, PhD, associate executive director of APAGS. "If you don't have a particular skill, don't mention it. But, don't wait for a 100 percent match to apply. Employers know that most people won't meet all the requirements."

Get past the gatekeepers.

Your cover letter may be read first by a human resources professional or a department staff member who is looking for key words from the job ad. "Literally, take the words right from the ad," says El-Ghoroury, and weave them into your cover letter. Without the key words, your application may not get passed along to the hiring decision-makers.

Because staff members without psychology backgrounds might be the first to look at your cover letter, it is important to write it for nonacademic audiences, says El-Ghoroury. "Have a friend who works outside the field of psychology read it, to see if it is understandable."

It's also important to tailor your cover letter to your specific audience. "One size does not fit all," says Landrum. Cover letters differ based on the type of job opening, so it's important to customize it to fit academic, clinical, government or other professional positions. "Have a professional in the field to which you are applying review the letter and tell you the conventions for that field," advises Morgan.

Professionals can also provide advice about acceptable cover letter page lengths for their particular field. "Cover letters can range from a quick introduction to four or five pages," says Morgan. "It's the one item with the most variability."

For instance, industry cover letters generally should not exceed one page, while academic cover letters can range from two to five pages; however, many websites advise not going over two pages.

Even when applying to universities, the focus of the cover letter depends on whether the university has a research or teaching focus, says Mitch Prinstein, PhD, distinguished professor and director of clinical psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

For research institutions, applicants should include a paragraph that explains their research programs.

"The research should have clear follow-up research questions that could last for decades," says Prinstein, who regularly gives talks and has written extensively about professional skills development for graduate students. "Universities don't want to hire an applicant for one or two years, but for decades. Research programs need to have legs."

Almost every job in academia also wants teaching experience, says Prinstein. "Saying you've taught courses isn't good enough." Instead, he says, "Describe what kind of teacher you will be, what your teaching philosophy is, how your teaching will benefit the students."

Mind the details.

Be sure to proofread your cover letter. Read it aloud and have an advisor review it. This can help prevent such errors as missing punctuation or naming the wrong school or organization when sending out multiple cover letters.

Some selection committee members may stop reading a cover letter if the applicant botches the name or location of the school, Landrum says. "If you can't get the place I work correct, how can I trust you with other details?"

"Also, double check other facts about the school," he adds. "For instance don't say you are looking forward to teaching in a university's undergraduate and graduate programs if they only have undergraduates."

Take care to use the correct title when addressing the letter's recipient. "Don't address the administrative assistant as doctor," says Morgan. "Look up the person online and find their title."

Don't get too personal.

While it is important to tell your story in your cover letter, be careful not to share too much information, says Morgan. For example, don't say, "My wife and I just divorced and I want to move as far away from her as possible." But some personal information can help you. If an applicant says, "We have family in Massachusetts, so we are excited to move there," this would explain why an applicant wants to move from Hawai'i to the Massachusetts area, and shows their interest in the location as well as the job, she says.

Overall, a key goal in cover letters is to show you can meet the employers' needs and bring something new and exciting to their university or organization, says Prinstein. "A good cover letter connects your past to your future and tells the story of how your past will influence your future."

Cover letters are your chance to "tell the story of your CV," says El-Ghoroury. "If your research has evolved over time, you can tell that story in your cover letter. Make it easy for employers to see that you are a good fit for the job."

Letters to the Editor

APA Cover Letter

Cover letter maker.

Embarking on the journey to find a job or a professional opportunity often starts with a cover letter . It sets the tone for your resume, articulating your fit and interest for the role, and is critical in making a strong first impression. One style of formatting that is common for academic or scholarly applications is the APA (American Psychological Association) format. This guide will help you understand the APA cover letter, give you the best examples, and provide step-by-step instructions to write one.

What is APA Cover Letter?

An APA cover letter is a job application document formatted according to the guidelines established by the American Psychological Association. It’s typically used for academic, scholarly, or scientific applications, and emphasizes clarity, precision, and inclusivity. The APA cover letter should be concise, professional, and clearly communicate the applicant’s qualifications and suitability for the position.

What is the Best Example of APA Cover Letter?

The best APA cover letter is one that adheres to APA guidelines, but also is tailored to the specific job or position for which you’re applying. Here is an example:

[Your Name] [Your Address] [City, State, ZIP Code] [Email Address] [Today’s Date]

[Employer’s Name] [Company’s Name] [Company’s Address] [City, State, ZIP Code]

Dear [Employer’s Name],

I am writing to apply for the position of [Job Title], which was advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. I am currently a [Your Current Job Status or Education Status] with a background in [Your Field of Expertise], and I believe I have the necessary skills and experience for this role.

In my current role at [Your Current or Previous Workplace], I [Describe a Key Responsibility or Achievement]. I am confident that this experience, along with my strong [Mention a Key Skill Relevant to the Job], makes me a strong candidate for this position.

I am impressed by [Something You Admire About the Company] and would be thrilled to contribute to [A Company Goal or Objective].

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to further discuss my suitability for the position.

Sincerely, [Your Name]

The above example serves as a basic APA cover letter that you can modify to suit your specific situation and the job you’re applying for. Remember, it’s crucial to customize each cover letter to the job and organization to which you are applying. Show them you understand their needs and demonstrate how your skills, experience, and aspirations align with the organization’s goals.

Size: 28 KB

Free APA Cover Letters – Copy & Paste

Apa cover letter format.

Formatting is key in an APA cover letter. It usually includes four main sections: the header, the salutation, the body, and the closing. The header contains your contact information, the date, and the employer’s contact information. The salutation addresses the employer directly (if the name is known) or generally if not. The body of the letter contains an introductory paragraph, a middle paragraph (or two), and a concluding paragraph. Finally, the closing includes a polite sign-off and your name. Stick to a professional font like Times New Roman, Calibri, or Arial, in 12-point size.

[Introductory Paragraph: State why you are writing, name the position for which you are applying, and mention how you heard about the opening or organization.]

[Body Paragraph(s): Give some background about your education, experience, and qualifications. Tailor this section to the job you’re applying for and highlight your most relevant skills and achievements.]

[Concluding Paragraph: Reiterate your interest in the position and the organization. Thank the employer for considering your application and suggest a follow-up.]

Size: 27 KB

Apa Style Cover Letter Example

An APA style cover letter sticks to the guidelines of the American Psychological Association. It should be typed on clean, white paper, and include a header with the page number and shortened title in the upper right corner. The letter itself should be divided into concise paragraphs, each serving a particular purpose – introduction, body, and conclusion. Language should be formal, clear, and concise, avoiding any unnecessary jargon or complex terms. An APA style cover letter also requires the use of one-inch margins on all sides of the page, and a running head at the top of each page.

While APA cover letters are generally used for academic and scientific applications, their clear and concise nature makes them ideal for various professional contexts as well. Here is another example of an APA cover letter:

I am excited to apply for the [Job Title] position, which I learned about through [Job Advertisement Source]. As a [Your Current Job Status or Education Status] specializing in [Your Field of Expertise], I am confident that my background and skills align perfectly with the requirements of this role.

During my time at [Your Current or Previous Workplace], I have gained valuable experience in [Key Responsibility or Achievement]. I have developed strong [Key Skill Relevant to the Job] skills and have consistently demonstrated my ability to [Key Achievement or Task].

Your company’s commitment to [Something You Admire About the Company] resonates with my professional beliefs, and I am eager to contribute to [A Company Goal or Objective].

Thank you for considering my application. I am looking forward to further discussing how my skills and experiences align with the needs of your company.

Size: 188 KB

APA Cover Letter for Literature Review Example

Writing an APA cover letter for a literature review requires a slightly different approach. In this context, the letter often introduces your review to the editor of a journal, explaining the purpose, scope, and significance of the review. Here’s an example:

[Editor’s Name] [Journal’s Name] [Journal’s Address] [City, State, ZIP Code]

Dear [Editor’s Name],

I am submitting a manuscript for consideration of publication in [Journal’s Name]. The manuscript is a literature review entitled “[Title of Literature Review]”. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the current state of knowledge in [Specific Field of Study], drawing from a wide range of sources.

The literature review explores the following themes: [Briefly Outline the Themes/Topics Covered]. I believe it presents valuable insights and fills a notable gap in the current literature of [Specific Field of Study].

Thank you for considering my manuscript for publication. I look forward to your feedback and the possibility of publishing my work in [Journal’s Name].

Size: 26 KB

Professional APA Cover Letter Example

Writing a professional cover letter involves maintaining a formal tone, clarity, precision, and inclusivity as prescribed by the APA guidelines. It is also important to showcase your qualifications, skills, and experiences that make you a strong candidate for the position. Here’s an example of a professional APA cover letter:

I am writing to express my strong interest in the [Job Title] position at [Company’s Name]. I am a [Your Current Job Status or Education Status], specializing in [Your Field of Expertise], and I am confident that I am a suitable candidate for this role.

My experience at [Your Current or Previous Workplace] has equipped me with the necessary skills and experiences for this role. Here, I [Describe a Key Responsibility or Achievement]. My ability to [Mention a Key Skill Relevant to the Job] has been instrumental in my success and would undoubtedly be beneficial in this role.

Your organization’s dedication to [Something You Admire About the Company] aligns with my professional goals and values, and I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to [A Company Goal or Objective].

Thank you for considering my application. I am eager to further discuss my qualifications and how I can contribute to your team.

Size: 29 KB

APA Cover Letter for Business Example

An APA cover letter for a business position would look similar to other cover letters, but it would particularly highlight skills and experiences relevant to the business role you’re applying for. Here’s an example:

I am applying for the [Job Title] position at [Company’s Name], which was advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. With my background in [Your Field of Expertise], and my experience in [Business-Related Experience], I believe I am well-suited for this role.

At [Your Current or Previous Workplace], I successfully [Describe a Business-Related Achievement]. This experience, coupled with my knowledge in [Mention a Business-Related Skill], makes me a strong candidate for this position.

I am particularly attracted to your company because of its commitment to [Something You Admire About the Company], and I am keen to contribute to [A Company Goal or Objective].

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to discussing how my skills and experiences can meet the needs of your business.

APA Cover Letter for Internship Example

Internships are crucial stepping stones in your career path. An APA cover letter for an internship would emphasize your eagerness to learn and contribute, despite having less experience. Here’s an example:

I am writing to express my interest in the internship opportunity posted on [Job Advertisement Source]. As a [Your Current Education Status] majoring in [Your Field of Study], I believe this internship at [Company’s Name] would provide an invaluable opportunity to expand my knowledge and gain real-world experience.

During my time at [University Name or Previous Internship], I gained skills in [Mention Key Skills Relevant to the Internship]. This experience, along with my academic training in [Mention Academic Achievement or Relevant Courses], make me a strong candidate for this position.

I am particularly impressed with [Something You Admire About the Company] and I am eager to contribute to [A Company Goal or Objective].

Thank you for considering my application. I am excited about the prospect of joining your team and learning from professionals in the field.

APA Cover Letter for Job Example

An APA cover letter for a job would typically include your qualifications, experiences, and the reasons you are interested in the job and the company. Here’s an example:

I am writing to apply for the [Job Title] position at [Company’s Name], as advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. As a [Your Current Job Status or Education Status] with a background in [Your Field of Expertise], I am confident that my skills and experience make me a strong candidate for this position.

In my current role at [Your Current or Previous Workplace], I have [Describe a Key Achievement]. I have developed a strong ability to [Mention a Key Skill Relevant to the Job], which I believe would be beneficial in this role.

I am particularly drawn to [Company’s Name] because of [Something You Admire About the Company], and I look forward to the opportunity to contribute to [A Company Goal or Objective].

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of discussing my candidacy further.

APA Cover Letter for School Example

An APA cover letter for a school position, such as a teacher or administrator, should focus on your teaching philosophy, achievements, and the skills that make you a strong educator. Here’s an example:

[Principal’s or Hiring Manager’s Name] [School’s Name] [School’s Address] [City, State, ZIP Code]

Dear [Principal’s or Hiring Manager’s Name],

I am writing to express my interest in the [Job Title] position at [School’s Name], as advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. As a dedicated educator with [Number of Years of Experience] years of experience, I am confident in my ability to contribute positively to your school.

In my current role as [Your Current Job Title] at [Your Current or Previous School], I have [Describe a Key Achievement or Responsibility]. My commitment to [Key Aspect of Teaching or Education] has been a key factor in this success.

I am particularly drawn to [School’s Name] because of its commitment to [Something You Admire About the School], and I am excited about the prospect of contributing to this commitment.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of discussing my qualifications further.

APA 7th Edition Cover Letter Example

The 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual includes guidelines that can be applied to a cover letter. Here is an example:

[Recipient’s Name] [Company’s Name] [Company’s Address] [City, State, ZIP Code]

Dear [Recipient’s Name],

I am excited to apply for the [Job Title] position at [Company’s Name], as advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. With my background in [Your Field of Expertise] and [Another Field of Expertise or Skill], I am confident that I would make a valuable addition to your team.

At [Your Current or Previous Workplace or University], I have been responsible for [Describe a Key Responsibility or Achievement]. This experience, along with my [Key Skill or Attribute], would allow me to make a significant contribution to [Company’s Name].

I am drawn to [Company’s Name] because of its commitment to [Something You Admire About the Company], and I am excited about the prospect of contributing to this.

APA Cover Letter for University Example

When writing an APA cover letter for a university position, focus on your academic and research experiences. Here is an example:

[Recipient’s Name] [University’s Name] [University’s Address] [City, State, ZIP Code]

I am writing to apply for the [Job Title] position at [University’s Name], as advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. As a [Your Current Position or Field of Study] with a strong background in [Your Area of Expertise], I am confident that I would make a valuable addition to your team.

During my time at [Your Current or Previous University or Workplace], I have focused on [Describe Your Key Area of Research or Work]. I believe this experience would enable me to contribute effectively to [University’s Name].

I am particularly drawn to [University’s Name] because of its emphasis on [Something You Admire About the University], and I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to this.

How do you Write an APA Cover Letter?

Writing an APA cover letter involves several key steps

1. Contact Information: Include your name, address, phone number, and email address at the top of the letter. Also, include the date, the recipient’s name, and the company’s address.

2. Salutation: Always address the letter to a specific person if possible. If the job posting doesn’t include a name, try to find it on the company’s website.

3. Opening Paragraph: Introduce yourself, state the position you are applying for, and mention where you found the job listing.

4. Middle Paragraphs: Discuss your qualifications, experiences, and skills that make you a good fit for the position. Be specific and provide examples.

5. Closing Paragraph: Express your interest in the company and the role, and mention your eagerness to discuss your qualifications further in an interview.

6. Closing: End the letter with a professional closing like “Sincerely” or “Best regards,” followed by your name.

Tips for APA Cover Letter

1. Be concise: Keep your cover letter to one page. Your letter should be clear and concise, highlighting the most important information.

2. Use a professional tone: Avoid using slang or overly casual language. Be professional and respectful in your tone.

3. Customize each letter: Tailor your cover letter to each job you apply for. Highlight the skills and experiences that are most relevant to the job.

4. Proofread: Make sure your cover letter is free of errors. Proofread it several times, and consider having someone else look it over as well.

APA style cover letters are a professional and effective way to introduce yourself to potential employers. By following these guidelines, you can create a compelling cover letter that showcases your qualifications and demonstrates your interest in the role.

Text prompt

• Instructive
• Professional

Write a cover letter for a college student applying for an internship at an educational technology company

Form a cover letter for a high school student seeking a part-time job at a local bookstore.

How to Write a Cover Letter in APA Style

Liza hollis.

If you are submitting a manuscript for publication or applying for a position in the field of psychology, you will want to include a cover letter that makes clear your intentions for your submission. You also will want to ensure that the cover letter format you submit is in keeping with American Psychological Association (APA) style guidelines.

Explore this article

• Addressing Cover Letter
• Using Business Letter Format
• Body of the Cover Letter
• Contents of Included Package
• Explaining APA Cover Letter Intent
• Conclusion of the Cover Letter

things needed

• APA style manual

1 Addressing Cover Letter

Address your cover letter by naming an exact recipient. Regardless of the intent of your cover letter, you should target one specific person. If necessary, research the organization to confirm the person to whom you are writing is the one who handles these types of inquiries. This small details shows you have a real interest in being involved in the organization and you are not simply sending out letters randomly. A cover letter determines the first impression the creator makes on a potential publisher, employer or adviser. Making sure that cover letter is specific to the audience and position is crucial.

2 Using Business Letter Format

Use a business letter format to continue writing the cover letter. Start with the date and follow the the name and contact information of the person to whom you are writing. Include a formal greeting such as “Dear Mr. Jones,” followed by a colon. Your letter should be flush left with one-inch margins on all sides of your document with a font larger than 12 points. Accepted font choices in APA style are Times, Arial or Calibri. This letter should be single-spaced with a space between each paragraph.

3 Body of the Cover Letter

Explain in the first sentence of the body of your letter why you are writing it. For example, if you are submitting an article for publication in a psychology journal, you could write, “I have enclosed a document for your review which explores the possible connection between diet and developmental disorders.” Throughout the body of your letter, show the person to whom you are writing how the organization will benefit from your involvement.

4 Contents of Included Package

Include specific information about the contents of the package you are sending. In a Purdue Owl cover letter description, the site suggests using sing a "story-like format" to describe your academic and professional background is one approach. APA format cover letters are used to add context to the materials being submitted. If you have enclosed a résumé, manuscript and photographs in your package, you will want to address what is being submitted and how they should be reviewed by the receiver.

5 Explaining APA Cover Letter Intent

Explain your intention for sending the cover letter and any other contents of the package. According to the sixth edition of the APA Publication Manual, the APA cover letter is a rare exception in APA style guidelines allowing you to write from a first-person point of view. Detail in this section how you would like the reader to proceed after reviewing the package.

6 Conclusion of the Cover Letter

Close your APA cover letter by thanking the recipient for his time and consideration when reviewing your submission. Sign your name with blue or black ink at the bottom of the page above your typed name.

• 1 American Psychological Society: How to Write An Impressive Cover Letter
• 2 Hloom: APA Title Page Templates
• 3 Purdue Online Writing Lab: APA Style General Formatting

About the Author

Liza Hollis has been writing for print and online publications since 2003. Her work has appeared on various digital properties, including USAToday.com. Hollis earned a degree in English Literature from the University of Florida.

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How to Write a Cover Letter

By Cite This For Me

While much focus is placed on the resume, the cover letter is also an important part of a job application—especially if you’re looking to go into a writing-heavy field.

Where a resume offers information about your work and academic experience, the cover letter tells an employer more about your personality: it gives you an opportunity to show off who you are and what interests you.

While this may seem like a lot to accomplish in a single page, it’s not as difficult as it might seem on first glance. Broken down, there are three important components to any cover letter: telling an employer who you are, telling an employer what you know about them, and telling an employer why you and they are a good fit.

Here are 3 steps to follow when writing your cover letter.

• Step 1: Explain that you want the job and how you found it
• Step 2: Determine which work/academic experiences of yours you’d like to highlight
• Step 3: Connect your accomplishments to the responsibilities indicated in the job description

Looking for further guidance? Below are a few do’s and don’ts to keep in mind.

Do…translate your personality traits into actions

Are you great at time management? That’s awesome—now, find an example that illustrates your stellar time management skills. Did you successfully balance a 20-hour per week internship and a full course load? Did you play a varsity sport while maintaining straight A’s? Show, don’t tell.

Do…your homework about a company

If you have no idea what a company does, that will be pretty apparent to the person reading your cover letter. At the very least, take the time to browse through a company’s website. If you want to work at a magazine, click through some of their articles to see what topics they cover and what tone of voice they use. If you want to work at a consulting company, learn who some of their clients are and what their company culture is like.

Do…explain that you’re interested in a position

In the very first sentence of your cover letter, include both the title of the position to which you’re applying and the name of the company. Explain what excites you about the job opportunity. Pro tip: focus on what you can do for them, not on what they can do for you. For example, “Please accept my application for the ____ internship at _____ for the summer 2019 semester, which I discovered on Internships.com. When I saw this opportunity, I was excited by the opportunity to develop creative ideas and work with an innovative group of professionals in a fast-paced environment.”

Don’t…copy and paste the same letter

Companies can absolutely tell if you’re copying and pasting a letter you used for another opportunity. Don’t create one form letter that you use for every opportunity. You may be able to reuse pieces from one cover letter in another—for instance, if you’re applying to an internship in the financial sector and want to highlight your experience working at a bank. But a cover letter should include enough company-specific information that you cannot simply submit it over and over again.

For help on how to create citations, visit our Cite This For Me guides and citation tools! These resources can help if you need a Harvard referencing guide , are looking for an APA formatter , are creating a parenthetical citation, or want a Chicago citation generator .

• Insights blog

How to write a cover letter for journal submission

Download our cover letter template.

When you submit your article to a journal, you often need to include a cover letter. This is a great opportunity to highlight to the journal editor what makes your research new and important. The cover letter should explain why your work is perfect for their journal and why it will be of interest to the journal’s readers.

When writing for publication, a well-written cover letter can help your paper reach the next stage of the manuscript submission process – being sent out for  peer review . So it’s worth spending time thinking about how to write a cover letter to the journal editor, to make sure it’s going to be effective.

To help you, we’ve put together a guide to explain how to write a cover letter for journal article submission. You will receive cover letter instructions of what you should include and what you shouldn’t, and a word template cover letter.

Ready to submit?

Taylor & Francis Editing services has a high quality premium editing package to make you feel confident to submit.

Customized cover letter

Feedback on original writing

Complete language check

Extensive revisions.

What should my cover letter include?

Before you start to write, please check the  instructions for authors  (IFAs) of your chosen journal, as not all journals will require one. You should also check the IFAs for any journal specific information on what to include. This may include a list of relevant articles written by you or your co-authors that have been or are currently being considered for publication in other journals.

Key points to include in your letter to the editor:

Editor’s name (you can usually find this on the journal page on  Taylor & Francis Online ).

Your manuscript’s title.

Name of the journal you are submitting to.

Statement that your paper has not been previously published and is not currently under consideration by another journal.

Brief description of the research you are reporting in your paper, why it is important, and why you think the readers of the journal would be interested in it.

Contact information for you and any  co-authors .

Confirmation that you have no  competing interests  to disclose.

Things to avoid:

Don’t copy your abstract into your cover letter, instead explain in your own words the significance of the work, the problem that is being addressed, and why the manuscript belongs in the journal.

Don’t use too much jargon or too many acronyms, keep language straightforward and easy to read.

Avoid too much detail – keep your cover letter to a maximum of one page, as an introduction and brief overview.

Avoid any spelling and grammar errors and ensure your letter is thoroughly proofed before submitting.

Click to enlarge your PDF on key information to include in your cover letter .

Cover letter template

If you need further help to write a cover letter for a journal, you can download and use our sample template as a guide.

You might find that the submission system for your chosen journal requires your cover letter to be submitted into a text box rather than as a separate document, but it is still a good idea to write a draft first to make sure you have included everything.

Always make sure to check the journal’s  instructions for authors  for any specific additional information to include.

Submission ready

Use our submission checklist  to make sure you’ve included everything you need to.

If you need more guidance, take a look at our other  information and resources to help you make your submission .

Rapid constructive feedback

Consider the Taylor & Francis Rapid Technical Review service to help you meet your deadline, through peer-review-like comments on your manuscript.

Related resources

Journal submission support

Guide to improve your submission experience

Article submission checklist

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APA Title Page (Cover Page) Format, Example, & Templates

Saul McLeod, PhD

Editor-in-Chief for Simply Psychology

BSc (Hons) Psychology, MRes, PhD, University of Manchester

Saul McLeod, PhD., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years of experience in further and higher education. He has been published in peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Clinical Psychology.

Learn about our Editorial Process

Olivia Guy-Evans, MSc

Associate Editor for Simply Psychology

BSc (Hons) Psychology, MSc Psychology of Education

Olivia Guy-Evans is a writer and associate editor for Simply Psychology. She has previously worked in healthcare and educational sectors.

On This Page:

In APA Style (7th edition), the cover page, or title page, should include:

• A running head (professional papers only) and page number
• The title of the paper
• The name of the author(s)
• The institutional affiliation
• An author note; optional (professional papers only)
• A student paper should also include course information

Note : APA 7 provides slightly different directions for formatting the title pages of professional papers (e.g., those intended for scholarly publication) and student papers (e.g., those turned in for credit in a high school or college course).

Professional paper APA title page

Student paper APA title page

Formatting an APA title page

Note : All text on the title page should be double-spaced and typed in either 12-point, Times New Roman font. In the 7th edition, APA increaded the flexibility regarding font options: which now include Calibri 11, Arial 11, Lucida Sans Unicode 10, Times New Roman 12, or Georgia 11. All words should be centered, and capitalize the first letter of important words.

Running Head

In the 7th edition of the APA style manual, running heads are only required for professional papers that are being submitted for publication (student papers do not require a running head, but still need a page number).

Your title page should contain a running head that is flush left at the top of the page and a page number that is flush right at the top of the page.

Place the running head in the page’s header:

• The running head is the abbreviated title of the paper (IN UPPERCASE LETTERS) aligned left on the page header of all pages, including the title page. APA (7th edition) guidelines require that running heads be a maximum of 50 characters (spaces count as characters).
• The “Running head:” label used in the APA sixth edition is no longer used.
• Place the page number in this same header, but align right, beginning with page number 1 on the title page.
• This header should be 1 inch from the top. Some instructors allow for 1/2 inch, too, but the default is 1 inch.

Paper Title

Position the title of the paper in the upper half of the page. The title should be centered and written in boldface, and important words should be capitalized.

The APA recommends that your title should be a maximum of 12 words and should not contain abbreviations or words that serve no purpose.

Author Name(s)

Institutional affiliation.

Position the school or university’s name below the author(s) name, centered.

A student paper should also include the course number and name, instructor name, and assignment due date.

Further Information

• APA Student Title Page Guide
• APA Referencing
• How to Write a Lab Report
• Essay Writing Guide for Psychology Students
• APA Style Citations & References
• Example of an APA Formatted Paper

How to Write an Application Letter (Sample Included!)

Whether you’re applying for a job , internship , scholarship, or volunteer position, a well-crafted application letter can help you stand out. It's your chance to introduce yourself and make a strong first impression that sets you apart from the competition.

But how do you write an application letter that’s effective? Below, we’ll explain when to use this method of introduction and give you practical tips on writing one that gets results. Plus, we've included a sample application letter and a template to help you create the perfect document for any opportunity.

Apply for the role of your dreams! One of these open jobs on The Muse could be the perfect fit »

What is an application letter?

An application letter is a document sent with your resume to provide additional information on your skills and experience. It's a crucial part of an application for work as it introduces you to potential employers and highlights your qualifications.

While some companies request it at the beginning of the application process, others might ask for it later, or not at all—but it's always a valuable addition.

Unlike a resume, which outlines your work history, a written application allows you to elaborate on your achievements and how they relate to the job you are applying for. It is a much more specific way to introduce yourself and explain why you would be a good fit for the job.

How is an application letter different from a cover letter?

Some people use the terms “application letter” and “cover letter” interchangeably, but there are subtle differences between the two.

An application letter serves as your formal introduction to a potential employer. It highlights your interest in the role, your qualifications, and why you're a good fit for the position. It's a standalone document that provides a comprehensive overview of your skills and experiences.

On the other hand, a cover letter is usually more concise than an application letter and serves as a complementary document to your resume, providing additional context to your job application. It elaborates on specific points from your resume and explains how your background aligns with the job requirements.

Also, job application letters follow a more formal structure, often resembling a traditional business letter. They include your contact information, the date, and the employer’s contact information at the top. An application letter is usually addressed to a specific individual, such as the hiring manager or recruiter. While cover letters also have a professional tone, they can be less formal in structure.

Finally, the application letter is used primarily for job applications, internship applications, scholarship applications, and volunteer positions. In contrast, the cover letter is specifically used to accompany a resume during job applications.

When do you need to send an application letter?

Application letters are typically required when applying for jobs. However, there are other scenarios where you might need one:

• Scholarship applications: When applying for scholarships, this kind of letter can help you stand out by showcasing your academic achievements and career goals .
• Volunteer positions: Some volunteer organizations require an application letter to understand your motivations and skills relevant to the position.
• Internship applications: Internships often require this document to understand your interest in the role and what you hope to gain from the experience.
• Networking purposes: Sending one when reaching out to potential mentors or industry professionals can help you establish a connection and explain your career aspirations.

7 tips on how to write a job application letter

Writing an effective application letter involves more than just summarizing your resume. Here are seven tips to write yours:

1. Research the company—at least do a quick Google search!

Before you start writing, research the company to understand its culture, values, and needs. Tailor your letter to align with the company’s mission and the job description. There is nothing better for an HR professional than feeling that you don’t just want any job; you want to work with them for specific reasons, such as X and Y.

“Address the letter to the hiring manager by name if possible,” says Mike Chappell, CEO of FormsPal , who has more than a decade of experience reviewing application letters. “This shows that you’ve done your research and are genuinely interested in the company.”

2. Use a professional format and design

Your application letter should follow a formal letter of application format. Use a standard font like Times New Roman or Arial, and keep the font size between 10 and 12 points. Include your contact information, the date, and the employer’s contact information at the top of the letter.

There are many layouts online that you can use. Find one that represents your style and complements your resume.

3. Make it engaging from the start with a strong opening

Your opening paragraph should grab the reader’s attention. Mention the position you're applying for and where you found the job listing. If you were referred by someone, include their name. Briefly introduce yourself and explain why you’re interested in the role.

4. Highlight your qualifications—what you can’t fully convey in your resume

In the body of your applicant letter, highlight your relevant skills, experiences, and achievements. “Use specific examples to showcase your accomplishments and how they relate to the job you’re applying for,” Chappell says. “ Quantifiable results can make a strong impact.”

Avoid repeating information from your resume; instead, expand on your most relevant experiences.

5. Show enthusiasm and genuine interest

Employers want to hire candidates who are enthusiastic about the role and the company. Show your excitement for the opportunity. Explain why you are specifically interested in this job and how it aligns with your career goals.

6. Keep it concise

While it’s important to provide enough detail, your application letter should be concise. Aim for one page, with three to four paragraphs. Be clear and to the point, avoiding unnecessary fluff.

7. Proofread carefully

Typos and grammatical errors can leave a negative impression on employers. Carefully proofread your letter before sending it. Consider asking another person to review it as well.

Letter of application sample

Here's a super complete example of application letter to help you get started:

August 1, 2024

Ms. Jane Doe

Hiring Manager

Innovative Solutions Inc.

456 Maple Avenue

Springfield, IL 62705

Dear Ms. Doe,

I am writing to express my interest in the Marketing Manager position at Innovative Solutions Inc., as advertised on your company’s careers page. With more than five years of experience in marketing and a proven track record of successful campaigns, I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to your team and drive impactful marketing strategies.

In my previous role as a Senior Marketing Specialist at Creative Solutions LLC, I led a team in developing and executing a comprehensive marketing strategy that resulted in a 30% increase in brand awareness and a 25% boost in lead generation. My responsibilities included overseeing digital marketing campaigns, analyzing market trends, and coordinating with cross-functional teams to ensure alignment with overall business goals. This experience has honed my skills in strategic planning, data analysis, and team leadership.

I am particularly impressed by Innovative Solutions Inc.’s commitment to leveraging cutting-edge technology to deliver innovative marketing solutions. Your recent campaign, which utilized artificial intelligence to optimize ad targeting, is a testament to your forward-thinking approach. I am eager to bring my expertise in digital marketing and campaign management to your team and contribute to similar groundbreaking projects.

My strong analytical skills, combined with my ability to lead and inspire a team, make me a great fit for this role. I am confident that my background and enthusiasm for innovative marketing strategies align well with the needs of Innovative Solutions Inc.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss how my skills and experiences can contribute to the continued success of Innovative Solutions Inc.

123 Elm Street

Springfield, IL 62704

[email protected]

(555) 123-4567

Template for an application letter

You can also use the following application format to structure your application letter for a job:

[Recipient’s name]

[Company’s name]

[Company’s address]

[City, State, ZIP Code]

Dear [Recipient’s name],

I am writing to express my interest in the [Job title] position at [Company name] as advertised on [Where you found the job listing]. With my background in [Field or industry] and a passion for [Specific aspect of the job or industry], I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to your team.

In my previous role at [Previous company], I developed [Specific skills or achievements]. I successfully [Describe a project or responsibility], which resulted in [Quantifiable result or achievement]. This experience has equipped me with [Relevant skills] that I am eager to bring to [Company name].

I am particularly impressed by [Company name]’s commitment to [Specific company initiative or value], and I am enthusiastic about the prospect of working with a team that values [Related value or skill]. I am confident that my skills and experiences align well with the requirements of the [Job title] position.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss how my background, skills, and enthusiasm can contribute to the success of [Company Name].

[Your Name]

[Your address]

[Your email address]

[Your phone number]

Common mistakes to avoid

When writing a letter of application for employment, be aware of these common mistakes:

• Being too generic: Focus your letter on the specific job and company, and mention detailed information about them. Don’t default to a one-size-fits-all approach or AI-written document. “It is generally best to avoid using generative AI to write your application letters for you,” says Edward Tian, CEO of AI detector GPTZero . “Only you can write about those specific aspects of your identity and experiences in such a personal way.”
• Focusing too much on yourself: While it’s important to highlight your qualifications, make sure to explain how you can benefit the company. “You can talk about your career goals, college classes that piqued your interest in the type of job you're applying to—just make sure that they tie into why they make you uniquely qualified or well-positioned for the job,” Tian says.
• Including irrelevant information: Avoid discussing unrelated jobs or hobbies, for example.
• Using a casual tone: Maintain a professional tone throughout your letter. Avoid slang or overly casual language.

Need a bit more guidance in your job search? Read this next: How to Apply for a Job Online: 10 Tips to Stand Out and Land an Interview

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Sample Letters

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If you are using letterhead, do not include the sender's address at the top of the letter; instead, begin with the date.

Block Format

123 Winner's Road New Employee Town, PA 12345

March 16, 2001

Ernie English 1234 Writing Lab Lane Write City, IN 12345

Dear Mr. English:

The first paragraph of a typical business letter is used to state the main point of the letter. Begin with a friendly opening, then quickly transition into the purpose of your letter. Use a couple of sentences to explain the purpose, but do not go in to detail until the next paragraph.

Beginning with the second paragraph, state the supporting details to justify your purpose. These may take the form of background information, statistics or first-hand accounts. A few short paragraphs within the body of the letter should be enough to support your reasoning.

Finally, in the closing paragraph, briefly restate your purpose and why it is important. If the purpose of your letter is employment related, consider ending your letter with your contact information. However, if the purpose is informational, think about closing with gratitude for the reader's time.

Lucy Letter

Modified Block Format

(Tab to center, begin typing) 123 Winner's Road New Employee Town, PA 12345

(Tab to center, begin typing) Sincerely,

(Tab to center, begin typing) Lucy Letter

Semi-Block Format

(Indent) The first paragraph of a typical business letter is used to state the main point of the letter. Begin with a friendly opening, then quickly transition into the purpose of your letter. Use a couple of sentences to explain the purpose, but do not go in to detail until the next paragraph.

(Indent) Beginning with the second paragraph, state the supporting details to justify your purpose. These may take the form of background information, statistics or first-hand accounts. A few short paragraphs within the body of the letter should be enough to support your reasoning.

(Indent) Finally, in the closing paragraph, briefly restate your purpose and why it is important. If the purpose of your letter is employment related, consider ending your letter with your contact information. However, if the purpose is informational, think about closing with gratitude for the reader's time.

Style and Grammar Guidelines

APA Style provides a foundation for effective scholarly communication because it helps writers present their ideas in a clear, concise, and inclusive manner. When style works best, ideas flow logically, sources are credited appropriately, and papers are organized predictably. People are described using language that affirms their worth and dignity. Authors plan for ethical compliance and report critical details of their research protocol to allow readers to evaluate findings and other researchers to potentially replicate the studies. Tables and figures present information in an engaging, readable manner.

The style and grammar guidelines pages present information about APA Style as described in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition and the Concise Guide to APA Style, Seventh Edition . Any updates to APA Style are noted on the applicable topic pages. If you are still using the sixth edition, helpful resources are available in the sixth edition archive .

Looking for more style?

• Accessibility of APA Style
• Line Spacing
• Order of Pages
• Page Header
• Paragraph Alignment and Indentation
• Sample Papers
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• Appropriate Level of Citation
• Basic Principles of Citation
• Classroom or Intranet Sources
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• Quotations From Research Participants
• Secondary Sources
• Abbreviations
• Capitalization
• Italics and Quotation Marks
• Punctuation
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• General Principles for Reducing Bias
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• Accessible Use of Color in Figures
• Figure Setup
• Sample Figures
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• Archival Documents and Collections
• Basic Principles of Reference List Entries
• Database Information in References
• DOIs and URLs
• Elements of Reference List Entries
• Missing Reference Information
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• Active and Passive Voice
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• Adapting a Dissertation or Thesis Into a Journal Article
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