Acid rain and air pollution: 50 years of progress in environmental science and policy
In this paper, we present and discuss how the acid rain problem became a key environmental issue among industrial countries from the late 1960s and the following decades (Fig. 2).We view the problem from a science-to-policy interaction perspective, based on a Symposium in Stockholm in the autumn 2017 organised to manifest 50 years of international air pollution science and policy development.
ACID RAIN, CAUSES, EFFECTS AND CONTROL STRATEGIES
Acid rain is one of the major environmental threats since 19th century. This paper reviews the 2012 progress report of US EPA (2013) and summarizes the issue in various environmental aspects.
Global Trends of Acidity in Rainfall and Its Impact on Plants and Soil
Acid rain (AR) can be defined as a combination of dry and wet deposition from the atmosphere having higher than normal concentrations of nitric (HNO 3), sulfuric acids (H 2 SO 4), and acidifying compounds which lead to a decrease in the pH of rainwater to less than 5.61.In 1845, AR was first been mentioned by Ducros, although a detailed study of AR was conducted by Robert Angus Smith and ...
The legacy from the 50 years of acid rain research, forming present and
Acid rain and acidification research are indeed a multidisciplinary field. This field evolved from the first attempts to mitigate acid freshwater in the 1920s, then linking acid rain to the acidification in late 1950s, to the broad project-concepts on cause and effect from the late 1960s. Three papers from 1974, 1976 and 1988 demonstrate a ...
The World Solved Acid Rain. We Can Also Solve Climate Change
The world is on track for an increase of around 2.6 degrees C by 2100. That's extremely bad. But it's still a degree lower than where we were heading in 2016. Governments have increased action ...
The Legacy of EPA's Acid Rain Research
An EPA scientist testing the acidity of a stream (2004). In EPA's 50 years of research, one of the most significant environmental challenges the nation faced was the problem of acid rain. Although evidence of acid rain's harmful effects emerged centuries ago, it wasn't until the early 1980s that it was recognized as a major threat.
Global Trends of Acidity in Rainfall and Its Impact on Plants and Soil
Due to its deleterious and large-scale effects on the ecosystem and long-range transboundary nature, acid rain has attracted the attention of scientists and policymakers. Acid rain (AR) is a prominent environmental issue that has emerged in the last hundred years. AR refers to any form of precipitation leading to a reduction in pH to less than 5.6. The prime reasons for AR formation encompass ...
Long-Term Data Show Lingering Effects From Acid Rain
Progressively tougher pollution rules over the past 3 decades have reduced U.S. emissions of the main acid rain ingredient, sulfur dioxide (SO 2), by about 40% from its 1973 peak of 28.8 metric tons a year. By 2010, SO 2 emissions should be less than half of 1973 levels. But in the March issue of BioScience, 10 leading acid rain researchers say ...
Effects of acid rain on plant growth: A meta-analysis
First, with the development of plants, they may also develop resistance to acid rain, such as surface wax and antioxidant (defense) systems (Simon and Hutchinson, 1986; Li and Liang, 2019), which make them better to adapt to acid rain. Second, long-term research was scarce in our database and several few long-term studies showed positive or ...
The bittersweet story of how we stopped acid rain
But acid rain research at ELA almost didn't happen at all. Founded to address the issue of excess nutrients contaminating lakes, work that had already drawn far-reaching conclusions by the early ...
(PDF) A Critical Review of Acid Rain: Causes, Effects, and Mitigation
Acid rain is one of the prominent environmental severe threats for the last hundred years. The activities of implementation of Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR), Acid Rain Program (ARP) and NOx budget training program (NBP) have led to a significant reduction in the SO2, NOx emission and deposition of acid in the environment.
Acid rain and air pollution: 50 years of progress in environmental
Because of its serious large-scale effects on ecosystems and its transboundary nature, acid rain received for a few decades at the end of the last century wide scientific and public interest, leading to coordinated policy actions in Europe and North America. Through these actions, in particular those under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, air emissions were ...
Acid Rain: Researchers Addressing Its Lingering Effects
In acidification experiments, a scientist protectively suited up "rather like Darth Vader," piped a sulfuric acid solution, and mixed it by boat propeller into lake 223, says Schindler, ELA founding director. Over 7 years, researchers reduced pH from 6.8 to 5.0. Neighboring lake 224, untreated, was their experimental control.
Acid rain and air pollution: 50 years of progress in environmental
The discovery and the early acid rain history. In a deliberatively provocative article in the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter in October 1967, entitled "An Insidious Chemical Warfare Among the Nations of Europe", the Swedish scientist Svante Odén (Fig. 3) described a new and threatening environmental problem—Acid Rain.He pointed to the significant decrease in pH of rainwater and ...
Atmospheric Environment
Research article Open access Long-term temporal trends and spatial patterns in the acid-base chemistry of lakes in the Adirondack region of New York in response to decreases in acidic deposition Charles T. Driscoll, Kimberley M. Driscoll, Habibollah Fakhraei, Kevin Civerolo
Acid Rain on Acid Soil: A New Perspective
Abstract. Acid rain is widely believed to be responsible for acidifying soil and water in areas of North America and northern Europe. However, factors commonly considered to make landscapes susceptible to acidification by acid rain are the same factors long known to strongly acidify soils through the natural processes of soil formation.
The legacy from the 50 years of acid rain research, forming ...
Acid rain and acidification research are indeed a multidisciplinary field. This field evolved from the first attempts to mitigate acid freshwater in the 1920s, then linking acid rain to the acidification in late 1950s, to the broad project-concepts on cause and effect from the late 1960s. Three papers from 1974, 1976 and 1988 demonstrate a broad approach and comprise scientific areas from ...
Acid Rain
Acid rain can dissolve certain more soluble elements from the soil, like aluminum. The dissolved aluminum begins to accumulate and can reach toxic levels as it enters local streams and wetlands. Acid rain also removes important nutrients from the soil, such as calcium, potassium, and magnesium. The lack of nutrients can negatively affect the ...
Acid Rain: Scourge of the Past or Trend of the Present?
July 25, 2012. Long-Term Ecological Research Program at this link. Acid rain. It was a problem that largely affected U.S. eastern states. It began in the 1950s when Midwest coal plants spewed sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the air, turning clouds--and rainfall--acidic. As acid rain fell, it affected everything it touched, leaching ...
Whatever Happened to Acid Rain?
Acid rain also enhances the deposition of mercury, which has adverse effects on human health. Direct impacts on human health have also been documented. A severe episode of acid fog, the Great London Smog of 1952, resulted in an increase in the daily average death rate from 252 to approximately 1,000, and acid fog was r esponsible for several ...
Acid Rain: A Serious Regional Environmental Problem
Abstract. At present, acid rain or snow is falling on most of the northeastern United States. The annual acidity value averages about p H 4, but values between p H 2.1 and 5 have been recorded for individual storms. The acidity of precipitation in this region apparently increased about 20 years ago, and the increase may have been associated ...
Acid Rain: Causes, Effects and Solutions
Bibliography. Acid rain, or acid deposition, is a broad term that includes any form of precipitation that contains acidic components, such as sulfuric acid or nitric acid. The precipitation is not ...
Acid rain facts and information
February 28, 2019. •5 min read. Acid rain describes any form of precipitation that contains high levels of nitric and sulfuric acids. It can also occur in the form of snow, fog, and tiny bits of ...
Study of the law of strength attenuation and microstructure damage to
This study examines how acid rain affects the microstructure and mechanical properties of cement-amended loess, crucial for ensuring the safety of engineering projects. We aimed to investigate how acid rain influences the micro-mechanical behavior of cement-amended loess and its damage characteristics under combined acid rain and loading conditions. Cement-amended loess samples were exposed to ...
Pioneering high barrier packaging for pressure assisted thermal
Pressure-assisted thermal sterilization (PATS) utilizes flexible packaging with low oxygen and water vapor transmission rates (OTRs, WVTRs). In this study, pouches made from metal oxide (MO)-coated (A-D) and ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH)-containing (E, F) multilayer films were filled with water and mashed potatoes (MP), preheated at 98 ± 0.5 °C for 10 min, and processed using a pilot-scale ...
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In this paper, we present and discuss how the acid rain problem became a key environmental issue among industrial countries from the late 1960s and the following decades (Fig. 2).We view the problem from a science-to-policy interaction perspective, based on a Symposium in Stockholm in the autumn 2017 organised to manifest 50 years of international air pollution science and policy development.
Acid rain is one of the major environmental threats since 19th century. This paper reviews the 2012 progress report of US EPA (2013) and summarizes the issue in various environmental aspects.
Acid rain (AR) can be defined as a combination of dry and wet deposition from the atmosphere having higher than normal concentrations of nitric (HNO 3), sulfuric acids (H 2 SO 4), and acidifying compounds which lead to a decrease in the pH of rainwater to less than 5.61.In 1845, AR was first been mentioned by Ducros, although a detailed study of AR was conducted by Robert Angus Smith and ...
Acid rain and acidification research are indeed a multidisciplinary field. This field evolved from the first attempts to mitigate acid freshwater in the 1920s, then linking acid rain to the acidification in late 1950s, to the broad project-concepts on cause and effect from the late 1960s. Three papers from 1974, 1976 and 1988 demonstrate a ...
The world is on track for an increase of around 2.6 degrees C by 2100. That's extremely bad. But it's still a degree lower than where we were heading in 2016. Governments have increased action ...
An EPA scientist testing the acidity of a stream (2004). In EPA's 50 years of research, one of the most significant environmental challenges the nation faced was the problem of acid rain. Although evidence of acid rain's harmful effects emerged centuries ago, it wasn't until the early 1980s that it was recognized as a major threat.
Due to its deleterious and large-scale effects on the ecosystem and long-range transboundary nature, acid rain has attracted the attention of scientists and policymakers. Acid rain (AR) is a prominent environmental issue that has emerged in the last hundred years. AR refers to any form of precipitation leading to a reduction in pH to less than 5.6. The prime reasons for AR formation encompass ...
Progressively tougher pollution rules over the past 3 decades have reduced U.S. emissions of the main acid rain ingredient, sulfur dioxide (SO 2), by about 40% from its 1973 peak of 28.8 metric tons a year. By 2010, SO 2 emissions should be less than half of 1973 levels. But in the March issue of BioScience, 10 leading acid rain researchers say ...
First, with the development of plants, they may also develop resistance to acid rain, such as surface wax and antioxidant (defense) systems (Simon and Hutchinson, 1986; Li and Liang, 2019), which make them better to adapt to acid rain. Second, long-term research was scarce in our database and several few long-term studies showed positive or ...
But acid rain research at ELA almost didn't happen at all. Founded to address the issue of excess nutrients contaminating lakes, work that had already drawn far-reaching conclusions by the early ...
Acid rain is one of the prominent environmental severe threats for the last hundred years. The activities of implementation of Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR), Acid Rain Program (ARP) and NOx budget training program (NBP) have led to a significant reduction in the SO2, NOx emission and deposition of acid in the environment.
Because of its serious large-scale effects on ecosystems and its transboundary nature, acid rain received for a few decades at the end of the last century wide scientific and public interest, leading to coordinated policy actions in Europe and North America. Through these actions, in particular those under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, air emissions were ...
In acidification experiments, a scientist protectively suited up "rather like Darth Vader," piped a sulfuric acid solution, and mixed it by boat propeller into lake 223, says Schindler, ELA founding director. Over 7 years, researchers reduced pH from 6.8 to 5.0. Neighboring lake 224, untreated, was their experimental control.
The discovery and the early acid rain history. In a deliberatively provocative article in the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter in October 1967, entitled "An Insidious Chemical Warfare Among the Nations of Europe", the Swedish scientist Svante Odén (Fig. 3) described a new and threatening environmental problem—Acid Rain.He pointed to the significant decrease in pH of rainwater and ...
Research article Open access Long-term temporal trends and spatial patterns in the acid-base chemistry of lakes in the Adirondack region of New York in response to decreases in acidic deposition Charles T. Driscoll, Kimberley M. Driscoll, Habibollah Fakhraei, Kevin Civerolo
Abstract. Acid rain is widely believed to be responsible for acidifying soil and water in areas of North America and northern Europe. However, factors commonly considered to make landscapes susceptible to acidification by acid rain are the same factors long known to strongly acidify soils through the natural processes of soil formation.
Acid rain and acidification research are indeed a multidisciplinary field. This field evolved from the first attempts to mitigate acid freshwater in the 1920s, then linking acid rain to the acidification in late 1950s, to the broad project-concepts on cause and effect from the late 1960s. Three papers from 1974, 1976 and 1988 demonstrate a broad approach and comprise scientific areas from ...
Acid rain can dissolve certain more soluble elements from the soil, like aluminum. The dissolved aluminum begins to accumulate and can reach toxic levels as it enters local streams and wetlands. Acid rain also removes important nutrients from the soil, such as calcium, potassium, and magnesium. The lack of nutrients can negatively affect the ...
July 25, 2012. Long-Term Ecological Research Program at this link. Acid rain. It was a problem that largely affected U.S. eastern states. It began in the 1950s when Midwest coal plants spewed sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the air, turning clouds--and rainfall--acidic. As acid rain fell, it affected everything it touched, leaching ...
Acid rain also enhances the deposition of mercury, which has adverse effects on human health. Direct impacts on human health have also been documented. A severe episode of acid fog, the Great London Smog of 1952, resulted in an increase in the daily average death rate from 252 to approximately 1,000, and acid fog was r esponsible for several ...
Abstract. At present, acid rain or snow is falling on most of the northeastern United States. The annual acidity value averages about p H 4, but values between p H 2.1 and 5 have been recorded for individual storms. The acidity of precipitation in this region apparently increased about 20 years ago, and the increase may have been associated ...
Bibliography. Acid rain, or acid deposition, is a broad term that includes any form of precipitation that contains acidic components, such as sulfuric acid or nitric acid. The precipitation is not ...
February 28, 2019. •5 min read. Acid rain describes any form of precipitation that contains high levels of nitric and sulfuric acids. It can also occur in the form of snow, fog, and tiny bits of ...
This study examines how acid rain affects the microstructure and mechanical properties of cement-amended loess, crucial for ensuring the safety of engineering projects. We aimed to investigate how acid rain influences the micro-mechanical behavior of cement-amended loess and its damage characteristics under combined acid rain and loading conditions. Cement-amended loess samples were exposed to ...
Pressure-assisted thermal sterilization (PATS) utilizes flexible packaging with low oxygen and water vapor transmission rates (OTRs, WVTRs). In this study, pouches made from metal oxide (MO)-coated (A-D) and ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH)-containing (E, F) multilayer films were filled with water and mashed potatoes (MP), preheated at 98 ± 0.5 °C for 10 min, and processed using a pilot-scale ...