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4 Smart Building Case Studies That Make the World More Sustainable [With Infographic]

The construction industry is one of the world’s largest consumers of resources (sand and building materials) and produces significant waste. Around 40% of global energy consumption can be linked directly to buildings. This sustainability challenge makes the role of smart buildings paramount to meeting zero-emission initiatives worldwide .

Our latest infographic presents four smart building case studies demonstrating software's ability to optimize commercial building resources and reduce the carbon footprint.

Around the world, cities are investing in greater use of software modeling, intelligence, and commercial building design and operation management. Considering that cities are responsible for more than 70% of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions on Earth, it’s the perfect place to start for making buildings more intelligent—and greener.

Smart Building Case Study #1: Architectural Design Software

Ramboll, a global architecture, engineering, and consultancy firm, tackled the design of a school building in Scotland. This was to meet new Department of Education thermal comfort standards.

What Happened?

The company simulated the performance of the mixing box system case in a winter scenario, with the windows closed and the fans turned on.

The classroom model was designed using Rhino and then imported into the SimScale CFD simulation platform .

Qualitative and quantitative results showed velocity, temperature distribution, and thermal comfort, which can be used to adjust the heating and air conditioning system design or rearrange classroom desks and chairs.

The velocity distribution images (see below) identify three regions of the flow:

• The inlet flow velocity
• The flow velocity through the grills
• The buoyancy draft velocity

Natural convection could be seen near the cold windows.

What Were the Results?

This project enabled engineers to predict and optimize the performance of a heating and air conditioning system in the early stages of the building design process—a particularly relevant topic for planning green building projects and obtaining Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification.

Read More:  Top 6 Smart Building Platforms in 2023

Smart Building Case Study #2: Simulation Modeling Software

The Element office building is a 14,000 Square Meter (m²) prime development in Marousi, Athens.

Inform Design AB is a Swedish consulting practice specializing in façades, building physics, and indoor climate assessments in highly glazed constructions. The company used DesignBuilder to model external movable screens and assess the façade system’s solar performance on an hourly basis.

Using simulation software, the company could assess designs to pre-predict the beam and diffuse solar radiation to be transmitted through every time step of the year. Data were then correlated with the real-life measured data from the weather station to provide a shading control strategy.

They developed a shading control strategy that suggested banding of screens, accounting for the shading effect of surrounding buildings. Movable screen groups were created to be controlled together, as shown in the figure below. The goal was to avoid closing the screens too often in shaded façade areas and unnecessarily blocking views.

Get the Presentation: Smart Commercial Building Software

Smart Building Case Study #3: Digital Twin

Microsoft launched its smart buildings pilot in one of its Puget Sound buildings in January 2021 as part of the larger campus modernization project. This case study involves the use of an urban digital twin .

The real estate team uses Internet of Things (IoT)-connected devices with Azure Digital Twins to integrate inputs from previously siloed data sources, such as motion and occupancy sensors. These IoT solutions help evolve the way Microsoft employees interact with their spaces, with a focus on efficiency and productivity.

Microsoft released an open-source smart buildings ontology in collaboration with RealEstateCore, a Swedish consortium of real estate owners, software houses, and research institutions. The ontology is built on Digital Twin Definition Language (DTDL) , which enables devices from many vendors to talk to Azure Digital Twins. That includes everything from Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) to security, lighting devices, and legacy and new devices.

The system delivers reactive controls informing heating and cooling functions by room occupancy or adjusting carbon dioxide flow or humidity levels related to air quality sensing. In addition, sensors can also trigger maintenance alerts to make early fixes before a piece of equipment breaks.

Smart Building Case Study #4: Retrofitting an Opera

In October 2019, the Sydney Opera House became the first Australian art institution to commit to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This initiative aims to address the most pressing issues of our time. During the 3-year partnership, the Sydney Opera House and Honeywell collaborated on achieving the Opera House’s goals, including becoming a climate-positive building by 2023.

Honeywell smart sensors measure temperature, humidity, and indoor air quality, as well as electrical and water consumption. The building operates with >60 water meters and >500 electrical meters.

Honeywell’s Building Management and Connected System (BMCS) leverages data drawn from systems, including elevators/lifts, emergency lighting, stage mechanisms, weather services, and ticket systems. These data are used to tie operations to demand, occupancy, and external conditions.

Honeywell's Forge-software and a suite  of applications that pulls together real-time data across assets, people, and processes—delivers a full real-time view to support intelligent operations. Domain-specific Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML) empowers decision-making to highlight inefficiencies, mitigate risk, reduce cost, and support sustainability goals.

The Opera House has already reduced its water consumption by 30% through improved monitoring and reduced energy use by 20% .

Leverage the Latest Smart Building Research

Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operations (AECO) software will drive the development of next-generation commercial smart buildings from conception to operation. This transformation will extend the industry’s digitization and expand Building Information Modeling (BIM) adoption and value.

ABI Research’s Smart Buildings Platforms and Software Spotlight dives deeper into the role of smart commercial buildings in modern real estate/building develo pment. This research assesses enabling technologies, building digitization trends, and key vendors making smart buildings possible. Check out the Spotlight!

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Sustainable design resources: case studies & sources.

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Case Studies & Projects

  PRINT

• 150 best sustainable home ideas / Francesc Zamora Mola. 2013.
• 21st century sustainable homes / edited by Mark Cleary. 2011.
• 150 best eco house ideas / editor and text, Marta Serrats. 2010.
• Blue houses : sustainable homes / [editor], Cristina Paredes Benítez. 2011.
• Culture-nature : green ethics, habitat, environment / a cura di = edited by Alessandra Coppa, Fortunato D'Amico. 2010. Catalog of an the 2010 Venice Architecture Biennale.
• Earthships in Europe / Mischa Hewitt and Kevin Telfer. 2012.
• Eco living / Chris van Uffelen. 2013. 124 international examples of residential architecture, from single-family homes to housing estates, that incorporate exemplary ecological living solutions, all of which take different approaches. Includes architects' index.
• Eco solutions : sustainable approaches for a bioclimatic home / editorial coordinator, Claudia Martinez Alonso; edition and texts, Marta Serrats. 2012.
• The ecological house : sustainable architecture around the world / text, Marco Moro, Beatrice Spirandelli ; preface, Ecosistema Urbano. 2011.
• Ecological living / edited by Manuela Roth ; [texts: Elke Weiler ; translations: Yannick Van Belleghem...[et al.]]. 2009.
• Environmental tectonics : forming climatic change / edited by Steve Hardy. 2008. The projects presented here emphasize multiple aspects of the environment, often addressing issues of aesthetics and pleasure alongside ethics.
• Green architecture / [editing, Chen Liu]. 2010. 42 international award-winning projects detailing award-winning reasons and materials.
• Green is beautiful : the eco-friendly house / [Claudio Santini ; text by Dafna Zilafro]. 2009.
• Green life : building sustainable cities / edited by Maria Berrini and Aldo Colonetti. 2010.
• Green houses : new directions in sustainable architecture / [editor, Josep Maria Minguet ; co-author, Óscar Mira]. 2013. Profiles eleven international projects which illustrate close co-operation between everyone involved - architects, engineers, interior decorators, landscapers and client - in all the project phases.
• Green school primer : lessons in sustainability / edited by LPA, inc. 2009. Eight case studies examining why and how schools should be made "green."
• The hybrid house : designing with sun, wind, water, and earth / Catherine Wanek. 2010.
• Inspired homes : architecture for changing times / Avi Friedman with Emma Greer. 2013.
• Innovative houses : concepts for sustainable living / Avi Friedman. 2013. Discusses and illustrates recent and notable residential trends. Organized into four broad areas of interest: demographic and social trends; design and production methods; energy and resource efficiency; and innovative landscaping.
• New natural home / Dominic Bradbury ; photographs by Richard Powers. 2011.
• Prefabulous + almost off the grid : your path to building an energy-independent home / Sheri Koones ; foreword by Robert Redford. 2012. Profiling thirty-two homes in the United States, this book explains many of the materials, systems, and techniques available to create a more energy-efficient, comfortable, and healthy home.
• Prefabulous + sustainable : building and customizing an affordable, energy-efficient home / Sheri Koones ; foreword by Robert Redford. 2010.
• Prefabulous world : energy-efficient and sustainable homes around the globe / Sheri Koones ; foreword by Robert Redford. 2014.
• Rural Studio at twenty : designing and building in Hale County, Alabama / Andrew Freear and Elena Barthel, with Andrea Oppenheimer Dean ; photography by Timothy Hursley. 2014.
• Small eco houses : living green in style / Cristina Paredes Benítez, Àlex Sánchez Vidiella. 2010.
• The sustainable Asian house / Paul McGillick ; photography by Masano Kawana. 2013.
• Sustainable design II : towards a new ethics for architecture and the city / Marie-Hélène Contal, Jana Revedin ; with the kind participation of Benno Albrecht and Elisa Brusegan. 2011. Presents the 2009 and 2010 winners of the "Global Award for Sustainable Architecture."
• Sustainable homes / [Pilar Chueca]. 2009. A sampling of highly innovative sustainable designs in the United States including upscale residences, posh cabins, and a geodesic dome.
• Geng xin Zhongguo : wei le yi ge ke chi xue de wei lai = Updating China : projects for a sustainable future = Nachhaltiges Planen und Bauen in China / curated by Li Xiangning ; edited by Li Xiangning, Christian Dubrau. 2010. Highlights 40 projects in China. Text in Chinese, German, and English.
• XS : small structures, green architecture / Phyllis Richardson. 2007.

FILMS - In-library viewing at the Media Resources Center in Moffitt Library

• Design e² [videorecording] : the economies of being environmentally conscious / director, Tad Fettig ; series producer, Elizabeth Westrate ; narration writers, Mark Decena, John Kenney ; produced by kontentreal, LLC. [Alexandria, Va.] : PBS Home Video, c2006. Watch additional episodes online .

ONLINE RESOURCES

History: Groundbreaking Books and Historic Sources

• Architecture and the urban environment : a vision for the new age / Derek Thomas. 2002.
• Big & green : toward sustainable architecture in the 21st / edited by David Gissen. 2002.
• Building cities: towards a civil society and sustainable environment / edited by Norman Crowe, Richard Economakis and Michael Lykoudis; with Mark Gage, et al. 1999.
• Cradle to cradle: remaking the way we make things / William McDonough & Michael Braungart. 1st ed. 2002. Focuses on the nature of sustainability and the transformation of human industry through ecologically intelligent design.
• Culture, architecture and nature : an ecological design retrospective / Sim Van der Ryn ; edited by Richard Olsen. 2014.
• Design outlaws on the ecological frontier / Chris Zelov, executive editor; Phil Cousineau, co-editor. Philadelphia, Penn.: Knossus Publishing, 2000 ed. Companion book to Ecological design [videorecording] : inventing the future . (director, Brian Danitz ; produced by Brian Danitz and Tzelovanikov ; writer, Phil Cousineau. 1994.)
• Design with nature / Ian L. McHarg. 1st ed. 1969. (Classic) Helped to define the fields of landscape architecture, urban and regional planning, and ecological design. Discussion of mankind's place in nature and nature's place in mankind within the physical sciences and humanities. Offers a blueprint for a new, healthier relationship between the built environment and nature. see also -- To heal the earth: selected writings of Ian L. McHarg / edited by Ian L. McHarg and Frederick R. Steiner; foreword by Robert D. Yaro. 1998. A retrospective collection of essays by Ian McHarg, written while he was at the University of Pennsylvania.
• Designing with nature: the ecological basis for architectural design / Ken Yeang. 1995.
• Environmental literature: an encyclopedia of works, authors, and themes / compiled by Patricia D. Netzley. 1999. Very good for historical references, includes important people, authors, events that have "advanced knowledge and changed the perception of the environment."
• The environmental tradition: studies in the architecture of environment / Dean Hawkes. 1996.
• From Bauhaus to ecohouse [electronic resource] : a history of ecological design / Peder Anker. 2010. Also available in print .
• From eco-cities to living machines: principles of ecological design / Nancy Jack Todd and John Todd. 1994.
• Gray world, green heart: technology, nature, and the sustainable landscape / Robert L. Thayer, Jr. 1994.
• Green shift: changing attitudes in architecture to the natural world / John Farmer; edited by Kenneth Richardson ; with supplementary text by Judith Farren Bradley, et al. . 2nd ed.1999.
• The greening of architecture : a critical history and survey of contemporary sustainable architecture and urban design / Phillip James Tabb and A. Senem Deviren. 2013.
• The nature of order: an essay on the art of building and the nature of the universe / Christopher Alexander. 2002. (classic) Center for Environmental Structure series; v. 9. Alexander develops a comprehensive theory of how matter comes together to form coherent structures.
• Planning for sustainability : creating livable, equitable, and ecological communities / Stephen M. Wheeler. 2004.
• A primer on sustainable building / Rocky Mountain Institute, Green Development Services; Dianna Lopez Barnett with William D. Browning. 2004. Topics include site and habitat restoration, transportation integration, edible landscapes, energy-efficient design, indoor air quality.
• Something new under the sun: an environmental history of the twentieth-century world / J.R. McNeill. 2000.
• The sustainable urban development reader / edited by Stephen M. Wheeler and Timothy Beatley. 2nd ed. 2009.
• Sustainable architecture and urbanism : concepts, technologies, examples / Dominique Gauzin-Müller ; with contributions by Nicolas Favet. 2002.
• Sustainable architecture white papers / edited by David E. Brown, Mindy Fox, Mary Rickel Pelletier.1st ed. 2000. selected essays by architects, designers on the current state of sustainable architecture and its many facets.
• Sustainable architectures : cultures and natures in Europe and North America / edited by Simon Guy and Steven Moore. 2005.
• Taking shape: a new contract between architecture and nature / Susannah Hagan. 2001.
• The timeless way of building / Christopher Alexander. 1979. (Classic). The Timeless Way of Building is the first volume of a three-volume set; Alexander presents a different perceptual framework for conceiving of, and creating architecture. In the second volume of the series, A pattern language , he discusses his own exploration of architecture within this perceptual framework and the two hundred fifty-three patterns that he has intuited. In the third volume, The oregon experiment , he explains how this "language" of two hundred fifty-three patterns was used in practice to design a building complex at the University of Oregon.
• Understanding sustainable architecture / Terry Williamson, Anthony Radford, and Helen Bennetts. 2003.
• Urban design: green dimensions / Cliff Moughtin with Peter Shirley. 2nd ed. 2005. Shows how sustainable urban design can be implemented on every scale. Second edition includes the Urban Park and Bio-diversity.

Sustainable Design should be beautiful

(Source: Fincube © 2010 )

A Case for Why Sustainable Design Must be Beautiful : Architect Lance Hosey argues that the way toward green design is through aesthetics rooted in nature.

• DIDI : Design Idea Dictionary / compilation, DAMDI Publishing Co. ; editor in chief, Pyo Mi Young. 2013. 10 volumes : color illustrations and color plans - not strictly a dictionary, more akin to a design sourcebook.
• Dictionary of architectural and building technology / Henry J. Cowan and Peter R. Smith ; with contributions by W.K. Chow et al.. 4th ed. 2004. Includes illustrations, definitions, modern terms, environmental definitions such as wind scoops, natural ventilation.
• A dictionary of environment and conservation [electronic resource] / Chris Park. 2007. Also available in print .
• A dictionary of architecture / James Stevens Curl. 2nd ed. 2006.
• Dictionary of architecture & construction / edited by Cyril M. Harris. 4th ed. 2006. Also available in print.
• Dictionary of ecodesign : an illustrated reference / Ken Yeang and Lillian Woo. 2010.
• Dictionary of environment and sustainable development / Alan Gilpin. 1996.
• The elements of architecture : principles of environmental performance in buildings / Scott Drake ; illustrations by Adam Brown and Tristan Wong. 2009.
• Elsevier's dictionary of environment in English, French, Spanish and Arabic / compiled by M. Bakr. 1998.
• The environment dictionary / David D. Kemp. 1998. Entry includes definition, illustrations and further reading list.
• The environmental regulatory dictionary / compiled by James J. King. 2005.
• Environmental encyclopedia / William P. Cunningham, et al., editors. 2nd ed. 1998. Includes definitions, cultural movements, biographies, regional events, community actions and a short bibliography for each entry.
• The Facts On File guide to research / Jeff Lenburg. 2005. Facts on File library of language and literature. Includes a chapter on "Ecology and the Environment".
• Green Building A to Z: understanding the language of green building / Jerry Yudelson. 2007. Offers the basics of green building and shows how it relates to key issues such as, water conservation, healthy buildings, use of recycled materials, reduction of carbon dioxide, and environmental site planning.
• Green cities: an A-to-Z guide / Nevin Cohen, general editor. 2010. UCB Only.
• Illustrated dictionary of architecture / Ernest Burden. 2012.
• Sustainable built environments / Vivian Loftness and Dagmar Haase (eds.). 2013. Selected entries from the Encyclopedia of sustainability science and technology.

Handbooks, Guides, and Other Selected Reference

• Adapting buildings and cities for climate change : a 21st century survival guide / Sue Roaf, David Crichton and Fergus Nicol. 2009.
• Aesthetics of sustainable architecture / edited by Sang Lee ; foreword by Kees Doevendans ; with contributions by Nezar AlSayyad ... [et al.]. 2011. Essays by leading architectural designers, theorists, and scholars.
• The Ahwahnee principles for smart economic development: an implementation guidebook / Rick Cole, et al. ; editing by Paul Zykofsky, Brad Norton and Dave Davis. 1998. Written for local policymakers, communities, regional development ideas.
• Architecture 3.0 : the disruptive design practice handbook / Cliff Moser. 2014. Focusing on the concept of disruption, the book provides a set of ideas and tools in order to create a new sustainable practice.
• Architecture in a climate of change : a guide to sustainable design / Peter F. Smith. 2005.
• The barefoot architect : a handbook for green building / Johan van Lengen. 2008.
• Be a successful green builder / R. Dodge Woodson. 2009.
• Building to suit the climate : a handbook / Gerhard Hausladen, Petra Liedl, Mike de Saldanha. 2012. A manual for integrated planning in the international context -- offers a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between climate, the building structure and the building envelope.
• Cities going green : a handbook of best practices / edited by Roger L. Kemp and Carl J. Stephani. 2011.
• Closing the loop : benchmarks for sustainable buildings / Susan Roaf, with Andrew Horsley and Rajat Gupta. 2004.
• Cohousing cultures : handbuch für selbstorganisiertes, gemeinschaftliches und nachhaltiges Wohnen = Cohousing cultures : handbook for self-organized, community-oriented and sustainable housing / ID22, Institute for Creative Sustainability, Experimentcity. 2012.
• Ecological design handbook: sustainable strategies for architecture, landscape architecture, interior design, and planning / Fred A. Stitt, editor. 1999.
• The economy of sustainable construction / edited by Ilka & Andreas Ruby and Nathalie Janson. 2014. Contained within its 400 pages are essays, reports, and case studies that examine the relationship between commercial and sustainable values, and explore the paths that construction will take in the 21st century. Packed with info-graphics.
• Environmental planning for site development: a manual for sustainable local planning and design / Anne R. Beer and Catherine Higgins. 2nd ed. 2000.
• The environmental resource handbook. / 2013/14. Directory of associations, awards, research, green city rankings. Includes statistics for brownfields, air quality, children's health, drinking water, noise pollution.
• A green vitruvius : principles and practice of sustainable architectural design / Vivienne Brophy and J. Owen Lewis. 2011.
• Going green : a handbook of sustainable housing practices in developing countries / [principal author, Emma-Liisa Hannula]. 2012.
• Green building : a professional's guide to concepts, codes and innovation : includes IgCC provisions / Anthony C. Floyd and Allan Bilka. 2012.
• Green building : project planning & cost estimating : a practical guide for constructing sustainable buildings : cost data for green materials, components & systems; special project requirements; financial analysis & incentives. / 2002.
• Green building and LEED core concepts guide / U.S. Green Building Council, 2011.
• Green neighborhood development : LEED reference guide for neighborhood development / U.S. Green Building Council, 2009.
• The green studio handbook : environmental strategies for schematic design / Alison G. Kwok and Walter T. Grondzik. 2011.
• Green town USA : the handbook for America's sustainable future / Thomas J. Fox ; introduction by Daniel Wallach. 2013.
• A green Vitruvius: principles and practice of sustainable architectural design / Vivienne Brophy and J. Owen Lewis. 2011.
• Handbook of sustainable refurbishment : housing / Simon Burton. 2011.
• The HOK guidebook to sustainable design / Sandra Mendler, William Odell, Mary Ann Lazarus. 2nd ed. 2006. Shows how to integrate sustainable design strategies into projects. Includes case studies, glossary, top 10 internet resources, bibliography.
• Homes reference guide / U.S. Green Building Council. 2008.
• Home work : handbuilt shelter / Lloyd Kahn. 2004.
• How to design and build a green office building : a complete guide to making your new or existing building environmentally healthy / Jackie Bondanza. 2011.
• Modern sustainable residential design : a guide for design professionals / William J. Carpenter. 2009.
• The natural building companion : a comprehensive guide to integrative design and construction / Jacob Deva Racusin and Ace McArleton. 2012.
• Rough guide to sustainability : a design primer / Brian Edwards. 2010.
• Sustainable and resilient communities : a comprehensive action plan for towns, cities, and regions / edited by Stephen Coyle ; foreword by Andrés Duany. 2011.
• The sustainable building bible : an insider's guide to eco-renovation & newbuilding / Tim Pullen. 2011. Rev. ed. of: Simply sustainable homes. 2008.
• Sustainable building sourcebook : supplement to the Green Building Program / Austin Energy. 2000. The general sections of the Sourcebook are Water, Energy, Building Materials, and Solid Waste. Each resource section and the appendix are hyperlinked for quick location.
• The sustainable design handbook : China : high environmental quality cities and buildings / Serge Salat, editor in chief. 2006.
• Sustainable healthcare architecture, 2nd edition / Robin Guenther, Gail Vittori. 2013. Also available as an electronic resource .
• Sustainable school architecture : design for primary and secondary schools / Lisa Gelfand, with Eric Corey Freed. 2010.
• The whole building handbook : how to design healthy, efficient and sustainable buildings / Varis Bokalders and Maria Block. 2010. Originally published in Swedish in 2004.
• Sustainability Hub – Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA)
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Case Studies  

Below you will find case studies that demonstrate the 'whole building' process in facility design, construction and maintenance. Click on any arrow in a column to arrange the list in ascending or descending order.

Many case studies on the WBDG are past winners Beyond Green™ High-Performance Building and Community Awards sponsored by the National Institute of Building Sciences.

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BREEAM case studies from our clients

Using the BREEAM framework, our clients embed sustainability into their projects from the very beginning. BREEAM-certified buildings are some of the most sustainable in the world. Read on to see how organisations are using BREEAM to make a difference, like Vesteda, who used BREEAM In-use to certify their entire portfolio of 27,000 properties.

Featured case study

Breeam award 2024 winners.

Discover the best in sustainable design from around the world at the BREEAM Awards 2024. From a hybrid timber structure to industrial spaces pushing for a biodiverse environment, read more about the BREEAM Awards 2024 winning projects.

Latest BREEAM case studies

Browse our case studies to see examples of how BREEAM has helped to enhance the quality of assets at every stage, from designs to problem solving.

HAUT Amsterdam first residential building in Netherlands to achieve BREEAM Outstanding

BREEAM guides sustainable design and construction of Unilever HIVE’s food innovation hub

Heritage meets sustainability The Northcliffes journey to BREEAM Outstanding

ASR elevates residential sustainability with Mark e.o. Huizen BREEAM In-Use project

CTP Clubhaus: leading the way with BREEAM Outstanding in sustainable industrial development

KKR scales sustainability with BREEAM across a diverse US property portfolio

DuurzaamheidsCertificering BV, winners of the BREEAM Best Assessor Award 2024

Innovative refurbishment at 2 Auriol Drive sets new standards with BREEAM Outstanding achievement

Fugro's new BREEAM Outstanding headquarters a benchmark in sustainable office design

Principal Real Estate Leverages BREEAM to Certify Nuanced Industrial Assets

CitizenM Sets Standard for Sustainable Hospitality

Stockholm Metro Nacka Project Awarded Excellent

Stockholm Extended Metro Access Tunnel Sundstabacken Achieves Ceequal Excellent Rating

10 Fenchurch Avenue in London achieves BREEAM rating of Excellent

School of Mathematical Sciences refurb achieves BREEAM Excellent

LXP’s collaborative approach to Green Building Standards

JLL’s sustainable vision realised through BREEAM’s RFO scheme

Using BREEAM across an asset’s lifecycle Hermes Business Campus

The Oaks mall uses BREEAM USA to set “shining example” of ESG success

OAG improve customer relations through commitment to BIM best practice

BREEAM In-Use helps Vesteda assess 27,500 assets for certification

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A checklist for architectural case studies

A case study is a process of researching into a project and documenting through writings, sketches , diagrams, and photos. To understand the various aspects of designing and constructing a building one must consider learning from other people’s mistakes. As Albert Einstein quoted, “Learn from yesterday, live for today, and hope for tomorrow. The important thing is not to stop questioning.” 

A case study can be a starting point of any project or it can also serve as a link or reference which can help in explaining the project with ease. It is not necessary that the building we choose for our case study should be the true representation of our project. The main purpose is to research and understand the concepts that an architect has used while designing that project and how it worked, and our aim should be to learn from its perfections as well as from its mistakes too while adding our creativity.

• Primarily, talk to people and never stop questioning, read books, and dedicate your time to researching famous projects . Try to gather information on all famous projects because it is essential for a successful case study and easily available too. Also before starting the case study do a complete literature study on a particular subject, it gives a vague idea about the requirements of the project.
• Study different case studies that other people have done earlier on the projects which you would choose for your own just to get a vague idea about the project, before actually diving into it.
• Do case studies of similar projects with different requirements. For example, while doing a case study of a residential building, you should choose 3 residential buildings, one with the minimum, average, and maximum amenities. It helps in comparing between different design approaches.
• If possible, visit the building and do a live case study, a lot of information can be gathered by looking at the building first hand and you will get a much deeper insight and meaningful understanding of the subject and will also be able to feel the emotion which the building radiates.
• While doing the case study if you come across certain requirements that are missing but went through it while doing the literature study, they should try to implement those requirements in the design.

Certain points should be kept in mind while preparing the questionnaire, they are as follows,

Style of architecture

• The regional context is prevalent in the design or not.
• Special features.

Linkage / Connectivity diagrams

• From all the plans gather the linkage diagram.

Site plan analysis

• Size of the site.
• Site and building ratio.
• The orientation of the building.
• Geology, soil typology, vegetation, hydrography

Construction technologies and materials

• Related to the project.
• Materials easily available in that region and mostly used.
• Technologies used in that region. Search for local technologies that are known among the local laborers.

Environment and micro-climate

• Try to document a building situated in a region that is somewhat similar to the region in which the project will be designed.
• Important climatic factors- sun path, rainfall, and wind direction.

Requirements and used behaviors

• Areas required that will suffice the efficiency of the work to be done in that space.
• Keeping in mind the requirements, age-group, gender, and other factors while designing.

Form and function

• The form is incomplete without function. To define a large space or form it is necessary to follow the function.
• To analyze the reason behind the formation of a certain building and how it merges with the surroundings or why it stands out and does not merge with the surroundings.
• Why the architect of the building adopted either of the philosophies, “form follows function” or “function follows form”.

Circulation- Horizontal and Vertical

• Size and area of corridor and lobbies.
• Placement of staircases, ramps, elevators, etc.

Structure- Column, beam, etc.

• Analyzing the structure detail.
• Types of beams, columns, and trusses used, for example, I- section beam, C- section beam.

Building services or systems

• Analyzing the space requirement of HVAC, fire alarm system, water supply system, etc.

Consideration of Barrier-free environment in design detailing

• Designing keeping the requirements of disabled people, children, pregnant women, etc. in mind.

Access and approach

• Entry and exit locations into the site as well as into the building.
• Several entries and exit points.

Doing a case study and documenting information gives you various ideas and lets you peek into the minds of various architects who used their years of experience and dedicated their time to creating such fine structures. It is also fun as you get to meet different people, do lots of traveling, and have fun. 

She is a budding architect hailing from the city of joy, Kolkata. With dreams in her eyes and determination in her will, she is all set to tell stories about buildings, cultures, and people through her point of view. She hopes you all enjoy her writings. Much love.

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The practices of the she organization contribute to social cohesion and separate identity in contemporary rural communities: a case study in songyang county of china.

1. Introduction

2. literature review, 4. background, 4.1. definition and organizational structure of the she organization, 4.2. common agricultural civilization background of han and sheh peoples, 4.3. economic cooperation between the han and sheh peoples in contemporary, 5. mechanisms of building trust by the she organization, 5.1. the norms of fixed sacrificial ritual of the she organization, 5.2. social values of the she organization, 5.2.1. equality, 5.2.2. inclusivity, 5.2.3. respecting nature, 5.3. informal situational networks of the she organization, 6. sustaining separate identity in extended social capital, 7. discussion and conclusions, author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest.

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Share and Cite

Zhou, R.; Wang, T. The Practices of the She Organization Contribute to Social Cohesion and Separate Identity in Contemporary Rural Communities: A Case Study in Songyang County of China. Religions 2024 , 15 , 1034. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15091034

Zhou R, Wang T. The Practices of the She Organization Contribute to Social Cohesion and Separate Identity in Contemporary Rural Communities: A Case Study in Songyang County of China. Religions . 2024; 15(9):1034. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15091034

Zhou, Rong, and Tingxin Wang. 2024. "The Practices of the She Organization Contribute to Social Cohesion and Separate Identity in Contemporary Rural Communities: A Case Study in Songyang County of China" Religions 15, no. 9: 1034. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15091034

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Kerala Architecture - A Case study

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Janmejoy Gupta , Naushaba Jameel

The vernacular architecture of any place is evolved through ages by consistent and continuous effort for more efficient solutions. Housing typologies though a result of multiple determinants, climate and culture are the two most important determinants. Materials, construction, and technology are best treated as modifying factors, rather than form determinants. This paper studies the evolution of vernacular architecture of Kerala in response to climatic conditions and varied cultural influences it has been subjected to. The orientation of buildings", internal arrangement of spaces, the presence of internal courtyards , use of locally available materials and other socio-cultural factors have combined together to create the vernacular architecture as it exists today. Other than improved thermal comfort, the vernacular architecture of Kerala also gives a number of pointers towards betterment of architectural quality in modern architecture with respect to planning principles, aesthetics and building materials used in built form. Alongside, this paper also looks at the different architectural lessons that can be learnt from the vernacular architecture of Kerala to be applied to modern architecture practiced in Kerala to make it more culturally and climatologically contextual to Kerala.

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The architectural language of India versatile and still it is changing. While considering Kerala, it has an architectural style that has more depth and independence which was not influenced by other foreign and only evolved from the cultural, regional and functional aspects. This architectural fashion has been followed for a long period of time and its essence is persisting. The Kerala traditional architecture has its high importance as it satisfied all the concerns contextually, culturally and functionally. The more important form is naalukettu style which has been constructed for many years and many are still naalukettu which has its glory. One of the finest examples for the traditional naalukettu is Paliyam house for the women’s of Paliyam family. But as the time changes, people changes, cultural values changes, climate changes, needs and requirement changes so as a result of these architectural fashion should also be changes or evolves. But as the traditional architecture has its roots deep every evolution has taken its essence and put out architecture that is functionally appropriate. But due to the European influence in the recent eras, as people tend to follow the European culture they also tend to follow the architectural style, at that time it was contemporary style which took the Kerala architecture to a new era. The contemporary architecture was seen all over during those times and still seen. One of the examples of the contemporary architecture style is the skewed house by lijo –reni architects at Palakkad.as the time goes the contemporary architecture got many defaults as they are not fully satisfying the architecture of Kerala through various aspects.so many architects tend to combine both these architecture styles to produce a style which is much more functionally and esthetically pleasing. There are many examples that could be seen of this architecture style like the shikara residence by the wall makers, the canopy house by the scribble engine, the glass encased house by the stapati architects. But these styles does not identifies as Kerala. Kerala architecture tends to the crisis of identity crisis as in the present era. The identity of Kerala architecture is lost and it is not gaining back again as the architecture is still changing. This identity crisis is evident……

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